{"exam":"D","questions":[{"id":"u1-speed-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"You are approaching a bend and can see only a short clear stretch ahead. How must you choose your speed?","options":["Use a speed that lets you stop within the clear distance you can see","Keep exactly to the posted limit even when the visible clear distance is shorter","Match the speed of the vehicle behind you","Maintain one fixed speed until the bend ends"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Article 7 of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 requires a speed that allows you to halt within the distance you can see to be clear. A posted limit remains a maximum, not a target.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 7","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article7","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"The road limit is higher than the speed at which you can stop in the clear space ahead. Which speed rule applies?","options":["The posted road limit must always be reached whenever traffic conditions appear light","You must slow enough to stop within the clear distance you can see","The higher road limit replaces the need to judge visibility","The speed of nearby traffic decides the lawful speed"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The visible stopping distance duty in article 7 of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 applies even when the road limit is higher. The limit does not require you to drive at that speed.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 7","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article7","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0003","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"What does the law require when darkness reduces the distance of road you can see to be clear?","options":["Keep the daytime speed whenever the road is familiar and no vehicle is ahead","Follow the speed of the vehicle ahead","Choose a speed that permits a stop within the clear distance visible","Drive at the road limit until an obstruction appears"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Under article 7 of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997, your speed must allow you to stop within the distance visible as clear. Reduced visibility can therefore require a lower speed.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 7","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article7","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0004","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"Your vehicle has its own speed limit and the road has a lower limit. Which limit must you obey?","options":["The vehicle limit because it is specific to the vehicle","Whichever limit was displayed most recently","The higher limit when the road is clear","The lower road limit"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Section 47 of the Road Traffic Act 1961, as substituted by the Road Traffic Act 2004, makes the lower road limit binding where it is below the limit applying to the vehicle.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 1961 (No. 24 of 1961)","provision":"s. 47(1), (2), as substituted by Road Traffic Act 2004 (No. 44 of 2004), s. 11","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2004/act/44/section/11/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0005","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"Two speed limits apply at once, one to the road and one to your vehicle. What is the lawful approach?","options":["Stay within whichever of the two limits is lower","Use the road limit even when the vehicle limit is lower","Average the two limits before choosing a speed","Use the vehicle limit even when the road limit is lower"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The speeding rule in section 47 of the Road Traffic Act 1961, as substituted by the Road Traffic Act 2004, requires compliance with the lower applicable limit. Neither limit permits exceeding the other.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 1961 (No. 24 of 1961)","provision":"s. 47(1), (2), as substituted by Road Traffic Act 2004 (No. 44 of 2004), s. 11","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2004/act/44/section/11/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0006","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"You are on a public road in a built-up area with no special or roadworks limit. What default limit applies?","options":["30 km/h","50 km/h","60 km/h","80 km/h"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Section 5 of the Road Traffic Act 2004 sets the built-up area default at 50 km/h. A special speed limit or roadworks limit can replace that default, and motorways are outside this rule.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2004 (No. 44 of 2004)","provision":"s. 5","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2004/act/44/section/5/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0007","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"What is the default speed limit on a town street when no different limit applies?","options":["80 km/h","60 km/h","50 km/h","30 km/h"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The built-up area speed limit under section 5 of the Road Traffic Act 2004 is 50 km/h. It applies to public roads in the area except motorways unless a special or roadworks limit applies.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2004 (No. 44 of 2004)","provision":"s. 5","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2004/act/44/section/5/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0008","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"You enter a housing estate within a built-up area and no other speed limit is set. Which default applies?","options":["20 km/h","30 km/h","40 km/h","50 km/h"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The default for a public road in a built-up area is 50 km/h under section 5 of the Road Traffic Act 2004. A different figure applies only where a special or roadworks limit replaces it.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2004 (No. 44 of 2004)","provision":"s. 5","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2004/act/44/section/5/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0009","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"Which default limit applies to a public road in a built-up area that is not a motorway?","options":["50 km/h","40 km/h","30 km/h","20 km/h"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Section 5 of the Road Traffic Act 2004 provides a 50 km/h built-up area default. The rule gives way where a special speed limit or roadworks speed limit applies.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2004 (No. 44 of 2004)","provision":"s. 5","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2004/act/44/section/5/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0010","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"You are driving on a regional road outside a built-up area with no different limit. What is the default?","options":["60 km/h","80 km/h","100 km/h","120 km/h"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Section 6(1) of the Road Traffic Act 2004, as substituted by the Road Traffic Act 2024, sets an 80 km/h default for regional roads outside built-up areas.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2004 (No. 44 of 2004)","provision":"s. 6(1), as substituted by Road Traffic Act 2024 (No. 10 of 2024), s. 7","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2024/act/10/section/7/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0011","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"What is the default limit for a rural regional road when no special or roadworks limit applies?","options":["120 km/h","100 km/h","80 km/h","60 km/h"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The regional road default outside a built-up area is 80 km/h under section 6(1) of the Road Traffic Act 2004, as substituted by the Road Traffic Act 2024.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2004 (No. 44 of 2004)","provision":"s. 6(1), as substituted by Road Traffic Act 2024 (No. 10 of 2024), s. 7","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2024/act/10/section/7/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0012","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"A regional road leaves a built-up area and has no special speed limit. Which default applies beyond the boundary?","options":["50 km/h","60 km/h","70 km/h","80 km/h"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Once the regional road is outside the built-up area, its default is 80 km/h under section 6(1) of the Road Traffic Act 2004, as substituted by the Road Traffic Act 2024.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2004 (No. 44 of 2004)","provision":"s. 6(1), as substituted by Road Traffic Act 2024 (No. 10 of 2024), s. 7","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2024/act/10/section/7/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0013","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"You are on a local road outside a built-up area and no other limit is set. What default applies?","options":["60 km/h","70 km/h","80 km/h","100 km/h"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Section 6(2) of the Road Traffic Act 2004, as substituted by the Road Traffic Act 2024, sets the local road default outside built-up areas at 60 km/h.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2004 (No. 44 of 2004)","provision":"s. 6(2), as substituted by Road Traffic Act 2024 (No. 10 of 2024), s. 7","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2024/act/10/section/7/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0014","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"Which statement correctly describes the change to the default for local roads outside built-up areas?","options":["It changed from 60 km/h to 80 km/h throughout all rural road types","It changed from 80 km/h to 60 km/h on 7 February 2025","It changed only on regional roads","The default did not change"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The local road default became 60 km/h on 7 February 2025 under section 6(2) of the Road Traffic Act 2004, as substituted by the Road Traffic Act 2024.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2004 (No. 44 of 2004)","provision":"s. 6(2), as substituted by Road Traffic Act 2024 (No. 10 of 2024), s. 7","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2024/act/10/section/7/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0015","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"A white disc with a black border and black diagonal lines is used on a local road. What limit does it show?","options":["100 km/h","80 km/h","60 km/h","No limit applies"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 33 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 permits this alternative sign for a 60 km/h local road limit. It does not remove the speed limit.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Reg. 33(4), (5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0016","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"What was the default limit on a local road outside a built-up area before 7 February 2025?","options":["50 km/h","60 km/h","70 km/h","80 km/h"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Before 7 February 2025 the local road default was 80 km/h. Section 6(2) of the Road Traffic Act 2004, as substituted by the Road Traffic Act 2024, changed it to 60 km/h from that date.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2004 (No. 44 of 2004)","provision":"s. 6(2), as substituted by Road Traffic Act 2024 (No. 10 of 2024), s. 7","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2024/act/10/section/7/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0020","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"Who may set a special speed limit on roads within a local authority area?","options":["The Garda station by a local notice","Any road contractor by a site notice","A driving school by a safety notice","The county council or city council by bye-laws"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Section 9 of the Road Traffic Act 2004 gives county councils and city councils the power to make special speed limit bye-laws for roads in their areas.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2004 (No. 44 of 2004)","provision":"s. 9","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2004/act/44/section/9/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0021","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"An electronic special speed limit sign is lit during set periods of the day. What can the bye-law provide?","options":["The special limit applies during specified periods of the day","The sign gives advice while the ordinary limit remains unchanged","The special limit applies only to heavy vehicles","The sign lets each driver choose between two limits"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Section 9(5) of the Road Traffic Act 2004 allows a special limit for specified daily periods, while regulation 34 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides for a sign switched on and off by a device.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2004 (No. 44 of 2004)","provision":"s. 9(5); Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025), reg. 34","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2004/act/44/section/9/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0022","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"What is the lowest speed limit that may be set by a roadworks speed limit order?","options":["10 km/h","20 km/h","30 km/h","40 km/h"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Sections 10 and 10A of the Road Traffic Act 2004, as changed by the Road Traffic and Roads Act 2023, require a roadworks speed limit to be at least 20 km/h.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2004 (No. 44 of 2004)","provision":"ss. 10(1), (2) and 10A, as substituted and inserted by Road Traffic and Roads Act 2023 (No. 16 of 2023), ss. 55, 56","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2023/act/16/section/55/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0023","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"A variable speed limit is displayed electronically on a national managed road. Which limit applies while it is shown?","options":["The ordinary road limit regardless of the display","The vehicle limit even if the display is lower","The limit shown on the electronic display","The highest limit shown earlier that day"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Section 10B of the Road Traffic Act 2004, inserted by the Road Traffic and Roads Act 2023, makes the electronically displayed variable limit the applicable limit while it is displayed.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2004 (No. 44 of 2004)","provision":"s. 10B, inserted by Road Traffic and Roads Act 2023 (No. 16 of 2023), s. 56","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2023/act/16/section/56/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0024","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"You drive a bus with seating for more than 8 passengers that carries no standing passengers on a motorway. What vehicle limit applies?","options":["65 km/h","80 km/h","90 km/h","100 km/h"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 3 of the Road Traffic (Ordinary Speed Limits Buses, Heavy Goods Vehicles, etc) Regulations 2008 sets 100 km/h for such a bus on a motorway or dual carriageway.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Ordinary Speed Limits Buses, Heavy Goods Vehicles, etc) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 546 of 2008)","provision":"Reg. 3","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/546/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0025","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"A bus with seating for more than 8 passengers and no standing passengers is on a public road that is neither a motorway nor a dual carriageway. What vehicle limit applies?","options":["80 km/h","90 km/h","100 km/h","120 km/h"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Regulation 3 of the Road Traffic (Ordinary Speed Limits Buses, Heavy Goods Vehicles, etc) Regulations 2008 sets an 80 km/h limit for this bus on other public roads.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Ordinary Speed Limits Buses, Heavy Goods Vehicles, etc) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 546 of 2008)","provision":"Reg. 3","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/546/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0026","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"What limit applies on any public road to a bus built or adapted to carry standing passengers?","options":["60 km/h","65 km/h","80 km/h","100 km/h"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The standing-passenger bus rule in regulation 3 of the Road Traffic (Ordinary Speed Limits Buses, Heavy Goods Vehicles, etc) Regulations 2008 sets a 65 km/h limit on every public road.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Ordinary Speed Limits Buses, Heavy Goods Vehicles, etc) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 546 of 2008)","provision":"Reg. 3","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/546/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-speed-0035","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"speed-limits","stem":"At what speed must the limiter on a bus with more than 8 passenger seats be set so the bus cannot exceed it?","options":["120 km/h","110 km/h","100 km/h","90 km/h"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 4 and the Schedule to the European Communities (Installation and Use of Speed Limitation Devices in Motor Vehicles) Regulations 2005 require the bus limiter to prevent speeds above 100 km/h.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Installation and Use of Speed Limitation Devices in Motor Vehicles) Regulations 2005 (S.I. No. 831 of 2005)","provision":"Reg. 4(1) and Schedule; reg. 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2005/si/831/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-motorway-0004","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"motorway-rules","stem":"Which road user is prohibited from using a motorway under the motorway access rule?","options":["A driver in an eligible vehicle","A rider on an eligible motorcycle","A person riding an e-scooter","A passenger in an eligible bus"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Section 43 of the Roads Act 1993 prohibits pedestrians, pedal cyclists and powered personal transporter users, including e-scooter users, from using a motorway. It also bars animals from being brought onto one.","source":{"instrument":"Roads Act 1993 (No. 14 of 1993)","provision":"s. 43(4), (5), as amended by Road Traffic and Roads Act 2023 (No. 16 of 2023), s. 38","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1993/act/14/section/43/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-motorway-0005","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"motorway-rules","stem":"You see a person leading an animal towards a motorway entrance. What does the motorway access rule require?","options":["The animal may enter if kept on the hard shoulder","The animal may enter when traffic is light","The animal may enter if escorted by a vehicle","The animal must not be brought onto the motorway"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Section 43 of the Roads Act 1993 prohibits allowing an animal onto a motorway. The rule does not create a hard shoulder or traffic condition that permits access.","source":{"instrument":"Roads Act 1993 (No. 14 of 1993)","provision":"s. 43(4), (5), as amended by Road Traffic and Roads Act 2023 (No. 16 of 2023), s. 38","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1993/act/14/section/43/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-motorway-0006","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"motorway-rules","stem":"Which combination meets the licence and wheel conditions for a vehicle to use a motorway?","options":["The driver holds a driving licence for it, it has pneumatic tyres, and it is not an invalid carriage","The driver has no driving licence for it, but the vehicle has pneumatic tyres","The driver holds a driving licence for it, but the wheels have solid tyres","The vehicle is an invalid carriage fitted with pneumatic tyres"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Article 7 of the Roads Regulations 1994 requires the driver to hold a driving licence for the vehicle and the wheels to have pneumatic tyres, while excluding invalid carriages from motorway use.","source":{"instrument":"Roads Regulations 1994 (S.I. No. 119 of 1994)","provision":"Art. 7(2)(a), (b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1994/si/119/made/en/html#ZZSI119Y1994A7","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-motorway-0007","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"motorway-rules","stem":"Which vehicle condition prevents a petrol moped with an engine of exactly 50 cc from using a motorway?","options":["It must display a minimum speed notice","A combustion engine must exceed 50 cc, and the vehicle must also sustain 50 km/h on the level","It must be able to reach the motorway default speed","Its rider must promise to stay on the hard shoulder"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Article 7 of the Roads Regulations 1994 requires a combustion engine to exceed 50 cc and the vehicle to sustain 50 km/h on the level under its own power. This is an access condition, not a minimum driving speed.","source":{"instrument":"Roads Regulations 1994 (S.I. No. 119 of 1994)","provision":"Art. 7(2)(c), (d)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1994/si/119/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-motorway-0008","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"motorway-rules","stem":"You realise that your vehicle is facing against the motorway traffic flow. What does the motorway rule require?","options":["Continue against the flow until the next service area","Use the hard shoulder to travel against the flow","Do not drive against the direction of traffic","Proceed against the flow when no vehicle is visible"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Article 33 of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997, as substituted by the current rule, prohibits driving against the direction of traffic flow on a motorway.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 33(1)(a), as substituted by S.I. No. 222 of 2024, reg. 4(g)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2024/si/222/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-motorway-0010","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"motorway-rules","stem":"You miss a motorway exit. May you cross a non-carriageway area to reach the slip road?","options":["No, driving on or across a non-carriageway part is prohibited outside parking and service areas","Yes, if no other traffic is nearby","Yes, if you cross without stopping","Yes, when the next exit is far away"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The non-carriageway rule in article 33 of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 bars driving on or across that part of a motorway, except within parking or service areas.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 33(1)(b), (2), as substituted by S.I. No. 222 of 2024, reg. 4(g)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2024/si/222/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-motorway-0012","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"motorway-rules","stem":"Your vehicle breaks down on a motorway. Where must you move it if possible?","options":["To the central area between carriageways","To any traffic lane with fewer vehicles","Off the carriageway to the nearest available space on the left","Across the carriageway to the right edge"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Article 33 of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 requires a vehicle stopped after a breakdown or crash to be moved off the carriageway to the nearest available space on the left.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 33(1)(c), (3), (4), as substituted by S.I. No. 222 of 2024, reg. 4(g)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2024/si/222/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-motorway-0013","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"motorway-rules","stem":"After a crash forces you to stop on a motorway, which reporting duty applies under the motorway rule?","options":["Tell a road contractor at the next exit","Leave a note in the vehicle before walking away","Wait for another driver to report it","Tell the Gardaí by the nearest telephone as soon as possible"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Article 33 of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 requires the Gardaí to be told by the nearest telephone as soon as possible after a breakdown or crash stop.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 33(1)(c), (3), (4), as substituted by S.I. No. 222 of 2024, reg. 4(g)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2024/si/222/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-motorway-0014","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"motorway-rules","stem":"When may you stop or park on a motorway under the motorway stopping rule?","options":["Only when held up by an obstruction or after a crash or breakdown","Whenever you need to check the vehicle","Whenever the hard shoulder is empty","Whenever you intend to remain briefly"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Article 33 of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 prohibits stopping or parking on a motorway except when an obstruction holds you up or a crash or breakdown forces the stop.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 33(1)(c), (3), (4), as substituted by S.I. No. 222 of 2024, reg. 4(g)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2024/si/222/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-motorway-0018","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"motorway-rules","stem":"Which continuous line colours mark the left and right edges of a motorway carriageway?","options":["White on the left and yellow on the right","Yellow on both edges","White on both edges","Yellow on the left and white on the right"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulations 77 and 78 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, as substituted by the current provision, place a continuous yellow line at the left edge and a continuous white line at the right edge.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regs 77, 78, as substituted by S.I. No. 205 of 2026, reg. 3(d)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2026/si/205/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-motorway-0019","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"motorway-rules","stem":"A lane control signal shows a red X over your lane. What must you do at that signal?","options":["Continue if the lane ahead looks clear","Do not proceed past the signal in that lane","Pass the signal and then move left","Stop only if another vehicle is ahead"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 37 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 makes a red X a prohibition on proceeding past the signal in the lane it controls.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Reg. 37","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-motorway-0020","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"motorway-rules","stem":"You see a red X beside the lane you are using. Which rule applies?","options":["The lane remains open to vehicles below 80 km/h","The signal is advice to change lanes when convenient","Traffic in that lane must not go past the signal","Only heavy vehicles must leave the lane"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Under regulation 37 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, traffic in the lane controlled by a red X must not proceed beyond that signal.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Reg. 37","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-motorway-0021","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"motorway-rules","stem":"A lane control signal shows an arrow pointing downwards and inclined to the left. What must you do?","options":["Remain in the lane and stop beneath the arrow","Move right without regard to traffic there","Treat the arrow as optional lane advice","Move into the next lane to the left and yield to traffic already in it"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 15 of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2012 requires movement in the inclined arrow's direction and requires you to yield to traffic already in that lane.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2012 (S.I. No. 332 of 2012)","provision":"Reg. 15, as substituted by S.I. No. 222 of 2024, reg. 6","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2024/si/222/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which side of the road must you normally use so other traffic can pass on your right?","options":["The left side","The centre of the road","The right side","Either side when traffic is light"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Article 9 of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 requires a vehicle to be driven on the left so traffic can pass on the right without danger or inconvenience.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 9","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article9","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"On an ordinary two-way road, how should you position your vehicle under the keep-left rule?","options":["Near the centre so traffic can pass on both sides","On the left so oncoming and overtaking traffic can pass on your right","On the right whenever no vehicle is approaching","Across the centre when the road is wide"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The keep-left rule in article 9 of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 places your vehicle on the left, allowing other traffic to pass on the right safely.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 9","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article9","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0003","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You want to overtake a cyclist, but doing so would inconvenience the cyclist. What must you do?","options":["Overtake if you sound the horn first","Overtake if you stay within the road limit","Do not overtake while it would cause danger or inconvenience","Overtake before another vehicle approaches"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Article 10(1) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 prohibits overtaking or attempting to overtake when it would endanger or inconvenience the cyclist or another person.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 10(1), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0004","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"An e-scooter user is ahead and there is too little room to pass without causing inconvenience. May you overtake?","options":["Yes, if your vehicle is faster","Yes, if you do not cross the centre line","Yes, if you complete the move quickly","No, overtaking must not endanger or inconvenience that person"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The overtaking duty in article 10(1) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 expressly protects e-scooter users and others from danger or inconvenience caused by an overtake.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 10(1), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0005","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What is the legal test before you try to overtake an e-moped user or any other road user?","options":["The manoeuvre must not endanger or cause inconvenience to anyone","Your vehicle must be able to travel at the road limit","The person ahead must signal permission to pass","You must finish before reaching the next road marking"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Article 10(1) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 forbids an overtaking attempt that would endanger or inconvenience an e-moped user or any other person.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 10(1), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0006","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"The road ahead is clear, but the available stretch is too short to finish an overtake safely. What must you do?","options":["Begin overtaking and return early","Wait because the road must also be long and wide enough to complete the manoeuvre","Overtake if no pedestrian is visible","Move out and let the other driver slow down"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Article 10(2) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 requires both a clear road ahead and enough length and width to complete the overtake safely.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 10(2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article10","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0007","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Before overtaking, what must be true about oncoming traffic, pedestrians and obstructions ahead?","options":["They may be present if you use the right side","Only oncoming traffic needs to be absent","The road ahead must be clear of all three","They may be present if the road is wide"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The clear-road condition in article 10(2) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 requires the road ahead to be clear of approaching traffic, pedestrians and obstructions.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 10(2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article10","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0008","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"The road is long and wide enough for an overtake, but an oncoming vehicle is approaching. May you start?","options":["Yes, if the vehicle ahead is slow","Yes, if you signal before moving out","Yes, if the centre line is broken","No, the road ahead must also be clear of oncoming traffic"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Article 10(2) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 requires the road ahead to be clear as well as sufficiently long and wide. One condition cannot replace the other.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 10(2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article10","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0009","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A no overtaking sign applies to the stretch of road you are using. What must you do?","options":["Do not overtake on that stretch","Overtake only on the left","Overtake only during daylight","Overtake only one vehicle at a time"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Article 10(3) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 prohibits overtaking on a road stretch to which a no overtaking sign applies.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 10(3), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0010","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You are driving a motor vehicle on a road marked as a cycle street. What overtaking rule applies?","options":["You may overtake only cyclists","You must not overtake on that stretch","You may overtake when no cyclist is present","You may overtake below 30 km/h"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Article 10(3) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 bars a motor vehicle driver from overtaking on a cycle street. The exception is for cyclists, e-moped users and e-scooter users.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 10(3), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0011","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"On which side should you normally overtake, and when should you return to the left?","options":["On the left, returning when the other driver signals","On either side, returning at the next junction","On the right, returning to the left only when it is safe","On the right, returning as soon as your front wheels pass"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Article 10(4) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 sets overtaking on the right as the general rule and requires a safe return to the left.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 10(4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article10","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0012","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"The vehicle ahead has signalled a right turn while you intend to continue straight. When may you pass it on the left?","options":["Whenever it slows, even if you intend to turn right","Only after it begins moving right, regardless of space","Only when another driver waves you through","When you can pass on the left while continuing straight without breaking the overtaking rules"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Article 10(5)(a) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 permits a driver to overtake on the left when the vehicle ahead has signalled right and the driver will continue straight or turn left.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 10(5)(a), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0013","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You have signalled that you will turn left at the next junction. Which overtaking action can the rule permit?","options":["Overtaking on the left before making that left turn","Overtaking on the right after entering the left-turn lane","Passing on either side without yielding","Using the footpath to pass a waiting vehicle"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Article 10(5)(a) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 includes a driver who has signalled a left turn at the next junction among the limited cases for overtaking on the left.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 10(5)(a), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0014","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Traffic is moving slowly in lanes and the lane on your right is moving more slowly than yours. May you pass vehicles on the left?","options":["No, passing on the left is never permitted","Yes, this slow-moving traffic situation is one of the permitted cases","Yes, but only if you leave your lane first","No, unless every vehicle on the right has stopped"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Article 10(5)(a) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 permits overtaking on the left in slow-moving traffic when the lane to the right is moving more slowly.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 10(5)(a), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0015","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A cyclist is coming up on your left while your vehicle is signalling left and is expected to turn first. What exception applies?","options":["The cyclist must pass because left-side passing is always required","The cyclist may pass only by using the footpath","The cyclist must not pass on the left in that situation","The cyclist must wait only when your vehicle is moving quickly"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Article 10(5)(b) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 generally permits cyclists to pass slower or stationary traffic on the left, but excludes a left-signalling vehicle expected to turn first.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 10(5)(b), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0016","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Before moving into another traffic lane, to whom must you yield?","options":["Only to vehicles behind you in your present lane","Only to vehicles travelling faster than you","Only to traffic entering from a side road","Traffic already travelling in the lane you want to enter"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Article 8(8) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 requires a driver changing lanes to yield the right of way to traffic already in the other lane.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 8(8)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0017","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You signal to change lanes, but a vehicle is already beside you in the target lane. Who has right of way?","options":["The vehicle already in the target lane","You, because you signalled first","Whichever vehicle is nearer the lane line","Whichever vehicle is travelling faster"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The lane-change rule in article 8(8) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 gives right of way to traffic already in the lane you intend to enter.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 8(8)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0018","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A continuous white line runs along the road beside your lane. What is the general rule?","options":["Cross it whenever the road ahead is clear","Do not cross the continuous white line","Cross it only while overtaking a slow vehicle","Treat it in the same way as a broken line"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Article 25 of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 generally prohibits crossing a continuous white line laid along the roadway.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 25(1) to (4), (6); (6) inserted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(j)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article25","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0019","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A continuous white line and a broken white line run side by side. Which line controls what you may do?","options":["The line farthest from your vehicle","The broken line in every case","The line nearest your vehicle","The line chosen by the vehicle ahead"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Under article 25 of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997, where continuous and broken lines are side by side, you obey the line nearest your vehicle.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 25(1) to (4), (6); (6) inserted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(j)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article25","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0020","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A premises entrance is on the right beyond a continuous white line. What exception can allow you to cross the line?","options":["You may cross whenever traffic behind is delayed","You may cross to overtake before the entrance","You may cross because every right turn has priority","You may cross to enter or leave premises on the right"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Article 25 of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 provides an exception allowing a continuous white line to be crossed to enter or leave premises on the right.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 25(1) to (4), (6); (6) inserted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(j)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article25","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0021","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You approach a hatched area that separates merging traffic streams. May you drive into it?","options":["No, a vehicle must not enter the hatched area","Yes, when changing lanes","Yes, when the markings look clear","Yes, when traffic is slow"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Article 26 of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 prohibits a vehicle from entering the marked hatched area used where traffic streams merge or diverge.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 26","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article26","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0022","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A hatched area marks where lanes diverge, and the route you want is across it. What must you do?","options":["Enter the area if you signal","Stay out of the hatched area","Cross it if no vehicle is beside you","Use it only to change direction"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The hatched-area rule in article 26 of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 prohibits driving into the marked area, including where traffic streams diverge.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 26","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article26","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0023","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Your lane has a road arrow pointing left. Which direction must you follow from that lane?","options":["Straight ahead if the junction is clear","Either direction chosen by the vehicle ahead","Left, as indicated by the lane arrow","Right if you signal before the arrow"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Article 27 of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 requires traffic in a lane marked with a directional arrow to proceed in the direction that arrow shows.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 27(2), (3); (3) as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(f)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article27","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u1-lanes-0024","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"At roadworks, temporary orange lines and arrows replace the usual white markings. How must you treat them?","options":["As guidance that applies only to heavy vehicles","As markings that may be ignored when traffic is light","As warnings with no effect on lane movement","As binding markings with the same effect as the white ones they replace"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Article 27A of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 gives temporary orange roadworks lines and arrows the same legal effect as the white markings they replace.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Art. 27A, inserted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(k)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-cpc-0002","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You have passed the coach driving test and you are about to start work driving a coach for a living. What else do you need?","options":["Nothing further, because the driving test covers it","An initial Driver CPC as well as the licence","A Driver CPC only after the first year on the job","An employer's written sign-off in place of a CPC"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Passing the coach test and holding the licence is not enough for paid coach work. You also need an initial Driver CPC. The first year on the job and an employer sign-off do not stand in for it. This is the initial CPC rule in the European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 7(7), (9)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-cpc-0003","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"How many hours of periodic Driver CPC training must you complete in each training period?","options":["At least 28 hours","At least 40 hours","At least 35 hours","At least 7 hours"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Periodic training is a total of at least 35 hours in each training period. Seven hours is the size of each block, not the full total, and 28 or 40 hours are the wrong totals. This is the periodic training rule in the European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 12(3) and Regulation 13","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-cpc-0004","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Over what period must you complete the required hours of periodic Driver CPC training?","options":["Every 3 years","Every 10 years","Every 7 years","Every 5 years"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The hours run across each 5 year period, not across 3, 7 or 10 years. Seven hours is the size of each training block, not the length of the period. This is the periodic training rule in the European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 12(3) and Regulation 13","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-cpc-0005","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"In what size of block must periodic Driver CPC training be taken?","options":["In blocks of 7 hours","In blocks of 3 hours","In blocks of 14 hours","In one block of 35 hours"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The 35 hours are taken in 7 hour blocks. A 3 hour or 14 hour block does not match the rule, and the total may not be taken as one long course. This is the periodic training rule in the European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 12(3) and Regulation 13","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-cpc-0006","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You have completed one 7 hour Driver CPC training day this year. What does that mean for the rest of your periodic training?","options":["That one day finishes the 35 hour requirement for the 5 years","You still need further 7 hour blocks to reach at least 35 hours in 5 years","You may take whatever hours remain all together in the last year","You may make up whatever hours remain in blocks of 3 hours"],"correct":1,"explanation":"One 7 hour day is one training block, not the full 35 hours. The rest must also be taken in 7 hour blocks across the 5 year period, not dumped into the last year and not split into 3 hour sessions. This is the periodic training rule in the European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 12(3) and Regulation 13","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-cpc-0007","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"When must a driver who needs a Driver CPC carry proof of it?","options":["Only when leaving the State with the vehicle","Only while a depot check is under way","At all times","Only during the first year of professional driving"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Proof of the Driver CPC must be carried at all times, not only on a foreign trip, at the depot, or in the first year. This is the carrying rule in the European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 17(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-cpc-0008","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You left your driver qualification card at home and a Garda stops you at a roadside check. What does the carrying rule require?","options":["A photocopy of the card in the cab is enough","A training certificate from last month is enough","The card may stay at the depot if staff can fetch it","You must carry the proof with you at all times"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Leaving the card at home fails the rule. A photocopy, a training certificate, or a card waiting at the depot is not the proof you must have with you. This is the carrying rule in the European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 17(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-cpc-0009","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Which documents count as proof of a Driver CPC that you must carry?","options":["Only the driver qualification card, so a licence with code 95 does not count","The driver qualification card, a licence showing code 95, or a driver qualification card issued in the United Kingdom","A training certificate or a photocopy of the card","A depot letter confirming that the card is on file"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Three documents count: the driver qualification card, a licence showing code 95, and a driver qualification card issued in the United Kingdom. A training certificate, a photocopy, or a depot letter is not on that list, and a licence with code 95 does count. This is the proof rule in the European Union (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) Regulations 2025.","source":{"instrument":"European Union (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 594 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 2(d), substituting Regulation 17(2) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/594/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-cpc-0010","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You hold a driving licence that shows code 95 and you do not carry a separate driver qualification card. Does that meet the proof rule?","options":["Yes, a licence showing code 95 counts as proof","No, only a separate driver qualification card counts","No, unless you also carry a training certificate","Yes, but only for work inside the depot"],"correct":0,"explanation":"A licence showing code 95 is one of the three documents that count as Driver CPC proof, so a separate card is not the only accepted form. A training certificate is not a substitute, and the proof is not limited to depot work. This is the proof rule in the European Union (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) Regulations 2025.","source":{"instrument":"European Union (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 594 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 2(d), substituting Regulation 17(2) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/594/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-entry-0002","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You hold a Driver CPC and you want categories D and DE. From what age may you hold those categories?","options":["From 18, provided you hold a Driver CPC","From 21 after two years on a car licence, with no CPC","From 18 if an employer applies for an exception","From 21, provided you hold a Driver CPC"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Holding a Driver CPC is what drops the minimum age for categories D and DE to 21. The lower figure of 18 is not the figure for those categories, and neither a two year car licence nor an employer exception is what lowers the age. This is the CPC age rule in the Road Traffic (Licensing of Drivers) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2011.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Licensing of Drivers) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 483 of 2011)","provision":"Regulation 2(d), substituting Regulation 9(2) of S.I. No. 537 of 2006","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2011/si/483/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-entry-0003","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What is it that lowers the minimum age for the heavier licence categories?","options":["Two years holding a full car licence","Holding a Driver CPC, and nothing else","A set period of driving experience","An employer applying for an exception"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The lower ages apply only where the applicant holds a Driver CPC. Time on a car licence, a period of experience, and an employer exception are not what the licensing rule uses to drop the age. This is the CPC age rule in the Road Traffic (Licensing of Drivers) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2011.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Licensing of Drivers) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 483 of 2011)","provision":"Regulation 2(d), substituting Regulation 9(2) of S.I. No. 537 of 2006","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2011/si/483/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-entry-0005","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You hold no driving licence at all and you want a first learner permit for a bus. What must you hold first?","options":["A pass in the theory test on its own","A learner permit for category B","A full driving licence for category B","A letter from your employer"],"correct":2,"explanation":"A first learner permit in category D1 or D is not available until you already hold a full category B driving licence. A theory test pass, a car learner permit, or an employer's letter does not meet that gate. This is the first permit rule in the Road Traffic (Licensing of Drivers) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2025.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Licensing of Drivers) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 527 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 19(2)(a), (b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/527/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-entry-0006","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You want the extra category that lets you draw another vehicle behind yours. What must you already hold?","options":["The extra category may be taken first","A pass in the theory test on its own","A letter from your employer","A full driving licence for the vehicle that does the drawing"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The extra drawing category follows the licence for the vehicle that does the drawing. You cannot take that extra category first, and a theory test pass or an employer's letter does not replace the drawing licence. This is the first permit rule in the Road Traffic (Licensing of Drivers) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2025.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Licensing of Drivers) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 527 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 19(2)(a), (b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/527/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-cvrt-0001","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"What must a commercial vehicle inside the roadworthiness testing scheme have before it may be used in a public place?","options":["A current certificate of roadworthiness","A garage service record from the last month","A certificate that can be got within a month of expiry","A licence issued to the owner rather than the vehicle"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Use in a public place is barred unless a current certificate of roadworthiness is in force for the vehicle. A recent garage service, a month of grace after expiry, or a licence in the owner's name does not replace that certificate. This is the roadworthiness certificate rule in the Road Safety Authority (Commercial Vehicle Roadworthiness) Act 2012.","source":{"instrument":"Road Safety Authority (Commercial Vehicle Roadworthiness) Act 2012 (No. 16 of 2012)","provision":"Section 6(1), (3), subsection (1) as substituted by S.I. No. 617 of 2021, reg. 2(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/act/16/section/6/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-cvrt-0003","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"You are about to take a coach that is a commercial vehicle inside the roadworthiness testing scheme out on a city service. Its certificate of roadworthiness has lapsed. What applies?","options":["You may start the service and get the certificate within a month","A recent garage service is enough to start the service","You must not use the vehicle in a public place without a current certificate","The rule applies only on a national road"],"correct":2,"explanation":"A coach inside the scheme may not go out on service while the certificate is lapsed. A month of grace, a garage service, or a limit to national roads is not in the rule. This is the roadworthiness certificate rule in the Road Safety Authority (Commercial Vehicle Roadworthiness) Act 2012.","source":{"instrument":"Road Safety Authority (Commercial Vehicle Roadworthiness) Act 2012 (No. 16 of 2012)","provision":"Section 6(1), (3), subsection (1) as substituted by S.I. No. 617 of 2021, reg. 2(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/act/16/section/6/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-dimensions-0001","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"As a general rule, what is the greatest overall width allowed for a vehicle?","options":["2.30 metres","2.40 metres","2.55 metres","2.50 metres"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The general overall width limit is 2.50 metres. 2.55 metres is a later, named-class figure, not the general rule, and 2.30 or 2.40 metres are not the construction limit. This is the vehicle width rule in the Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 2003, as amended.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2015 (S.I. No. 354 of 2015)","provision":"Regulation 6, substituting Regulation 26(2) of S.I. No. 5 of 2003","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2015/si/354/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-dimensions-0003","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"You drive a large bus. What is the greatest overall width allowed?","options":["2.50 metres","2.55 metres","2.30 metres","2.60 metres"],"correct":1,"explanation":"A large bus may be up to 2.55 metres wide. The general 2.50 metre figure is the starting rule, 2.60 metres is the refrigerated-body figure, and 2.30 metres is not the construction limit. This is the vehicle width rule in the Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 2003, as amended.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2015 (S.I. No. 354 of 2015)","provision":"Regulation 6, substituting Regulation 26(3) of S.I. No. 5 of 2003","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2015/si/354/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-dimensions-0008","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"You drive an articulated bus. What is the greatest overall length allowed?","options":["16.50 metres","12 metres","18.75 metres","15 metres"],"correct":2,"explanation":"An articulated bus is limited to 18.75 metres. 16.50 metres is the ordinary articulated vehicle figure, 12 metres is the rigid figure, and 15 metres is the limit for a bus with more than two axles, not for an articulated bus. This is the vehicle length rule in the Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 2003, as amended.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) (Amendment) Regulations 2004 (S.I. No. 99 of 2004)","provision":"Regulation 2, substituting Regulation 28 of S.I. No. 5 of 2003","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2004/si/99/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-dimensions-0009","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"What is the greatest overall length allowed for a two-axle bus?","options":["12 metres","15 metres","18.75 metres","13.50 metres"],"correct":3,"explanation":"A two-axle bus is limited to 13.50 metres. 12 metres is not a single figure for every bus, 15 metres is the limit where the bus has more axles, and 18.75 metres is the articulated bus figure. This is the vehicle length rule in the Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 2003, as amended.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) (Amendment) Regulations 2004 (S.I. No. 99 of 2004)","provision":"Regulation 2, substituting Regulation 28 of S.I. No. 5 of 2003","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2004/si/99/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-dimensions-0010","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"You drive a bus with more than two axles on a coach tour. What is the greatest overall length allowed?","options":["15 metres","12 metres","13.50 metres","18.75 metres"],"correct":0,"explanation":"A bus with more than two axles is limited to 15 metres. That figure follows the shape of the vehicle, not the length of the trip. 12 metres is not a single figure for every bus, 13.50 metres is the two-axle limit, and 18.75 metres is the articulated bus figure. This is the vehicle length rule in the Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 2003, as amended.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) (Amendment) Regulations 2004 (S.I. No. 99 of 2004)","provision":"Regulation 2, substituting Regulation 28 of S.I. No. 5 of 2003","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2004/si/99/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-passengers-0001","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","stem":"A passenger aged 15 on your coach, which has belts fitted, does not put the belt on. Who is liable for that?","options":["You, as the driver, for every passenger whatever their age","The passenger, because they are 14 or over","The operator, rather than the passenger","Nobody, once passengers have been told to belt up"],"correct":1,"explanation":"From age 14 the passenger is the person liable for not wearing a fitted belt. The driver is not liable for every passenger, the operator is not the person named for this failure, and telling passengers to belt up does not wipe out liability. This is the bus belt liability rule in the European Communities (Compulsory Use of Safety Belts and Child Restraint Systems in Motor Vehicles) Regulations 2006.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Compulsory Use of Safety Belts and Child Restraint Systems in Motor Vehicles) Regulations 2006 (S.I. No. 240 of 2006)","provision":"Regulation 9","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2006/si/240/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-passengers-0002","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","stem":"A passenger on your coach, which has belts fitted, says plainly that they will not wear the belt and gives no reason for it. Must you carry them?","options":["Yes, you must carry the passenger anyway","Yes, because the operator is the person who is liable","No, you are not obliged to carry a passenger who will not wear the belt","Yes, because nobody is liable once you have told them"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The driver of a large public service vehicle is not obliged to carry a passenger who fails to wear a fitted belt and shows no reasonable just cause for that. A duty to carry them anyway, operator liability, or a wipe-out of liability after a warning is not the rule. This is the bus belt liability rule in the European Communities (Compulsory Use of Safety Belts and Child Restraint Systems in Motor Vehicles) Regulations 2006.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Compulsory Use of Safety Belts and Child Restraint Systems in Motor Vehicles) Regulations 2006 (S.I. No. 240 of 2006)","provision":"Regulation 9","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2006/si/240/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-passengers-0003","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","stem":"On a bus with belts fitted, whose duty is it to make sure passengers are told to wear them?","options":["The driver must tell each passenger in person","The passenger must ask whether belts are required","No one, once signs have been fitted in the bus","The owner of the bus"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The owner must make sure passengers are told to wear the belts. The driver need not tell each person one by one, the passenger need not ask, and fitted signs are one way of giving the message, not a reason to treat the duty as nobody's. This is the bus belt information rule in the European Communities (Compulsory Use of Safety Belts and Child Restraint Systems in Motor Vehicles) Regulations 2006.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Compulsory Use of Safety Belts and Child Restraint Systems in Motor Vehicles) Regulations 2006 (S.I. No. 240 of 2006)","provision":"Regulation 10","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2006/si/240/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-passengers-0004","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","stem":"On a bus with belts fitted, which methods count as alerting the passengers to the belts?","options":["By an announcement, a video, a sign or a pictogram","By a note printed on each passenger's ticket","By the driver speaking to each passenger in person","By a notice posted only at the depot"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Passengers are treated as informed once they have been alerted by at least one of these methods: an announcement, an audio-visual presentation such as a video, a sign at each belted seat, or a pictogram at each belted seat. A note on the ticket, a word to each passenger one by one, and a notice kept at the depot are none of them. This is the bus belt information rule in the European Communities (Compulsory Use of Safety Belts and Child Restraint Systems in Motor Vehicles) Regulations 2006.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Compulsory Use of Safety Belts and Child Restraint Systems in Motor Vehicles) Regulations 2006 (S.I. No. 240 of 2006)","provision":"Regulation 10","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2006/si/240/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u10-busstop-0001","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Who may park at a marked bus stop?","options":["Any vehicle outside the hours shown on a plate","Only a large public service vehicle","Any vehicle for up to 30 minutes","A taxi waiting for a fare"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Parking at a marked bus stop is allowed only for a large public service vehicle. Hours shown on a plate, a 30 minute wait, and a taxi waiting for a fare do not open the space to other vehicles, because the exception names the vehicle and nothing else. This is the bus stop parking rule in the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997, as amended.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 36(2)(l), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(m)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-hours-0004","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Which vehicle is outside the EU drivers hours Regulation on the ground of its speed?","options":["A vehicle whose maximum authorised speed does not exceed 60 km/h","A vehicle whose maximum authorised speed does not exceed 50 km/h","A vehicle whose maximum authorised speed does not exceed 80 km/h","A vehicle whose maximum authorised speed does not exceed 40 km/h"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The Regulation does not apply to a vehicle whose maximum authorised speed does not exceed 40 km/h. Figures of 50 km/h, 60 km/h and 80 km/h are above that limit and do not give the exemption. This is Article 3(b) of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 3(b) to (i), (ha)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_3","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-hours-0007","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"What does the Regulation mean by a break?","options":["Any stop in the journey where the engine is switched off","The time a driver spends waiting to load or unload at a customer","A period used only for recuperation, when the driver may not drive or do other work","A period when the driver is free to do paid work for the employer"],"correct":2,"explanation":"A break is a period used exclusively for recuperation, and during it the driver may not drive or carry out other work. A loading wait or an engine off pause is not automatically a break. This is Article 4(d) of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 4(d), (f)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_4","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-hours-0008","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"How is rest defined for the EU drivers hours rules?","options":["Any period when the vehicle is parked, whether or not the driver works on paperwork","A period of at least one hour away from the vehicle","Any period the employer agrees to treat as time off","An uninterrupted period during which the driver may freely dispose of their time"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Rest means an uninterrupted period during which the driver may freely dispose of their time. A parked vehicle is not enough if the driver is still working, and the employer cannot simply label time as rest. This is Article 4(f) of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006, read with Article 4(d) on breaks.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 4(d), (f)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_4","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-hours-0009","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"For the EU drivers hours rules, when does a week begin and end?","options":["At 00.00 on Monday and it ends at 24.00 on the following Sunday","At 00.00 on Sunday and it ends at 24.00 on the following Saturday","At the start of the first driving shift in each seven day period","At 00.00 on the first working day agreed between the driver and the employer"],"correct":0,"explanation":"A week means the period from 00.00 on Monday to 24.00 on Sunday, and that fixed period is used for weekly driving limits and weekly rest. It does not move with the roster. This is Article 4(i) of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 4(i)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_4","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-hours-0010","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"What does multi-manning mean in the EU drivers hours rules?","options":["Two or more drivers taking turns over a whole week of shifts","At least two drivers in the vehicle to share the driving between two consecutive daily rests, or between a daily rest and a weekly rest","One driver working with a second person who handles loading only","Two drivers meeting at a depot to exchange trailers"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Multi-manning means that at least two drivers are in the vehicle to carry out the driving between two consecutive daily rests, or between a daily rest and a weekly rest. The second person must be there as a driver, not as a loader. This is Article 4(o) of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 4(o)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_4","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-hours-0012","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Under multi-manning, what daily rest must a driver take?","options":["A new daily rest of at least 8 hours within 24 hours of the last rest","A new daily rest of at least 12 hours within 30 hours of the last rest","A new daily rest of at least 11 hours within 26 hours of the last rest","A new daily rest of at least 9 hours within 30 hours of the end of the previous daily or weekly rest"],"correct":3,"explanation":"A driver engaged in multi-manning must take a new daily rest of at least 9 hours within 30 hours of the end of the previous daily or weekly rest. The standard daily rest rules are stretched because a second driver shares the driving. This is Article 8(5) of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 8(5)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-hours-0014","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You reduced a weekly rest and now take rest as compensation. What does the Regulation require of that compensation?","options":["It may be taken in one or more periods and at any place","It must be attached to another rest period of at least 9 hours","It must be taken in the vehicle during the working day","It must be taken before the next weekly rest begins"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Rest taken as compensation for a reduced weekly rest must be attached to another rest period of at least 9 hours. It cannot simply be added to a working day. This is Article 8(7) of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 8(7)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-hours-0015","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Where must a regular weekly rest be taken?","options":["In the vehicle cab, so the driver stays with the load","At a motorway service area chosen by the driver","Not in a vehicle, but in suitable accommodation with adequate sleeping and sanitary facilities","At the employer base, in a rest room provided for drivers"],"correct":2,"explanation":"A regular weekly rest, and a weekly rest of more than 45 hours taken as compensation for earlier reduced weekly rests, must not be taken in a vehicle. It must be taken in suitable gender friendly accommodation with adequate sleeping and sanitary facilities. This is Article 8(8) of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 8(8)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-hours-0016","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Who pays for the accommodation used for a regular weekly rest away from base?","options":["The driver, and the cost may be claimed back quarterly","The consignor of the load being carried","The driver and the employer split the cost equally","The employer, because the cost of the accommodation outside the vehicle is the employer responsibility"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The employer covers the cost of accommodation taken outside the vehicle for a regular weekly rest, or for a weekly rest of more than 45 hours taken as compensation. The driver should not carry that cost. This is Article 8(8) of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 8(8)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-hours-0017","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"How often must the undertaking organise work so the driver can return home or to the operational centre?","options":["Within each period of four consecutive weeks, to spend a regular weekly rest or a weekly rest over 45 hours taken as compensation","Within each period of eight consecutive weeks, to spend any weekly rest","Within each period of six consecutive weeks, to spend a reduced weekly rest","Within each period of thirteen consecutive weeks, to spend the annual leave period"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The undertaking must organise work so that the driver can return to the employer operational centre in the establishment State, or to the driver place of residence, within each period of four consecutive weeks. The return is to spend a qualifying weekly rest there. This is Article 8(8a) of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 8(8a)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-hours-0019","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"A driver takes a regular daily rest while travelling on a ferry. How often may that rest be interrupted by other activities?","options":["As often as the driver likes, provided the total lost time is made up later","Once only, for a period of any length","Not more than twice, and the interruptions must not exceed one hour in total","Three times, and each interruption must be under 30 minutes"],"correct":2,"explanation":"A regular daily rest or a reduced weekly rest taken on a ferry or train may be interrupted not more than twice, and the other activities must not add up to more than one hour. This is Article 9(1) of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 9(1)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_9","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-hours-0020","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You take a reduced weekly rest on a ferry crossing and leave the cabin twice to sort out paperwork. How much interruption is allowed?","options":["Two interruptions of up to 90 minutes in total","Four interruptions of up to 30 minutes in total","Any number of interruptions, provided you remain on board","No more than two interruptions and no more than one hour in total"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The two interruptions allowed during a rest on a ferry or train must together last no more than one hour. Anything longer breaks the rest and it must be re-planned. This is Article 9(1) of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 9(1)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_9","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-hours-0021","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"A driver wants to take a regular weekly rest on a ferry crossing. What conditions must the crossing meet?","options":["The crossing must be scheduled for 8 hours or more and there must be a sleeper cabin","The crossing must be scheduled for 4 hours or more and there must be a reclining seat","Any crossing is suitable, provided the driver books a cabin","The crossing must be scheduled for 12 hours or more, with no cabin needed"],"correct":0,"explanation":"A regular weekly rest may be interrupted on a ferry or train only where the crossing is scheduled to last at least 8 hours and a sleeper cabin is available. A shorter crossing or a seat alone will not do. This is Article 9(1) of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 9(1)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_9","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-hours-0022","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Heavy snow closes the motorway and the driver cannot reach a safe place to stop within the allowed driving time. What may the driver do?","options":["Nothing, because the driving limits have no exceptions of any kind","Depart from the rules as far as needed to reach a suitable stopping place and ensure the safety of persons, the vehicle or its load","Continue to the original destination, because weather never justifies a change","Stop on the hard shoulder and remain there until the road reopens"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Provided road safety is not jeopardised, a driver may depart from Articles 6 to 9 as far as necessary to reach a suitable stopping place and to ensure the safety of persons, the vehicle or its load. This is the first paragraph of Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 12, first paragraph","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_12","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-hours-0023","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"A driver uses the emergency departure from the hours rules to reach a safe stopping place. What must the driver do about it?","options":["Tell the employer by phone and nothing further","Note the reason in the daily walkaround sheet","Record the reason manually on the record sheet or printout by the time of arrival","Report to a member of the Garda Síochána at the next town"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Where the emergency departure is used, the reason must be recorded manually on the record sheet or on a printout by the time the driver arrives at the destination or stopping place. This is the first paragraph of Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 12, first paragraph","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_12","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-hours-0024","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"In exceptional circumstances a driver needs to go beyond the daily and weekly driving limits to reach the employer operational centre or the driver place of residence for a weekly rest. How much extra driving is allowed without first taking a 30 minute break?","options":["30 minutes","45 minutes","90 minutes","Up to one hour"],"correct":3,"explanation":"In exceptional circumstances, and without putting road safety at risk, a driver may exceed the daily and weekly driving time by up to one hour to reach the employer operational centre or the driver place of residence for a weekly rest. Going up to two hours is allowed only after an uninterrupted 30 minute break taken immediately before the extra driving, and only to reach a regular weekly rest. This is Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 12, second and third paragraphs","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_12","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-hours-0025","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"What must a driver do to take an extra two hours of driving to reach a base for a regular weekly rest?","options":["Take an uninterrupted 30 minute break immediately before the extra driving","Take two separate 15 minute breaks during the extra driving","Get written permission from the employer before setting out","Reduce the weekly rest for that week by two hours"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The extra two hours of driving may be used only where an uninterrupted 30 minute break is taken immediately before it, and the journey is to reach a base for a regular weekly rest. This is the third paragraph of Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 12, second to fifth paragraphs","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_12","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-hours-0026","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"A driver uses an exceptional extension of driving time under Article 12. How is the extra driving time dealt with?","options":["It is simply added to the next daily driving period","It must be compensated by an equivalent period of rest taken in one block","It is cancelled by a 45 minute break at the next stop","It is noted and forgotten, because exceptional driving needs no compensation"],"correct":1,"explanation":"An extension of driving time under Article 12 must be compensated by an equivalent period of rest taken in one block. It is not simply absorbed into later driving. This is the fifth paragraph of Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 12, second to fifth paragraphs","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_12","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-hours-0029","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Ireland has used the option in Article 13(1) of the Regulation. What is the effect of the Irish regulation for the operations it lists?","options":["Those operations are excepted from Articles 5 to 9 of the Regulation, and from the tachograph instruments named in the Irish regulation, while operating in the State","Those operations are excepted from the Regulation throughout the European Union","Those operations are excepted from the tachograph rules only, and the hours rules still apply in full","Those operations are excepted from rest rules only, and driving limits still apply"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Ireland has availed of the option in Article 13(1), and the Irish regulation excepts the listed operations from Articles 5 to 9 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 and from the tachograph instruments it names, while those operations are carried out in the State. The source is Regulation 4(1) of S.I. No. 229 of 2017, as substituted by S.I. No. 567 of 2023.","source":{"instrument":"European Union (Road Transport) (Working Conditions and Road Safety) Regulations 2017 (S.I. No. 229 of 2017)","provision":"Regulation 4(1), as substituted by Regulation 4 of the European Union (Road Transport) (Working Conditions and Road Safety) (Amendment) Regulations 2023 (S.I. No. 567 of 2023)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2023/si/567/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-tacho-0002","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"What does the law say about the driver card you hold and use?","options":["You may hold a separate card for each vehicle you drive","You may lend your card to another driver for a single shift","You may hold two valid cards where you work for two employers","You may hold only one valid card and you may use only your own"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The driver card is personal to the driver, who may hold only one valid card and may use only their own card. Lending or borrowing a card is not permitted. This is Article 27(1) and (2) of Regulation (EU) No 165/2014.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 27(1), (2)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-tacho-0003","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Your driver card has passed its expiry date but the unit still reads it without error. May you use it?","options":["No, a defective or expired driver card must not be used","Yes, because the unit accepted the card without an error","Yes, because the card still carries the driver identity details","Yes, while the application for a new card is being processed"],"correct":0,"explanation":"A driver must not use a defective or expired driver card. The fact that the equipment still reads the card does not make its use lawful. This is Article 27(2) of Regulation (EU) No 165/2014.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 27(2)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-tacho-0004","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"When must you apply to renew your driver card?","options":["Within 5 working days after it expires","Not later than 15 working days before it expires","Not later than 15 calendar days before it expires","At any time in the final year of its validity"],"correct":1,"explanation":"An application to renew a driver card must be made to the competent authority not later than 15 working days before the card expires. Working days, not calendar days, is the measure. This is Article 28(1) of Regulation (EU) No 165/2014.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 28(1)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-tacho-0005","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Your driver card is stolen while you are away from base. Within what period must you apply for a replacement?","options":["Within 24 hours of the theft","Within 15 calendar days of the theft","Within seven calendar days of the theft","Within 30 calendar days of the theft"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Where a card is damaged, malfunctions, or is lost or stolen, the driver must apply for a replacement within seven calendar days. This is Article 29(4) of Regulation (EU) No 165/2014.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 29(4)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-tacho-0006","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Your driver card has been lost and you are waiting for a replacement. How long may you drive without a card?","options":["Not at all until the replacement arrives","Up to 7 calendar days and no longer in any case","Up to 30 calendar days in all cases","Up to 15 calendar days, or longer where that is needed to return the vehicle to base"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Where the card is damaged, malfunctions, or is lost or stolen, the driver may drive without it for up to 15 calendar days, or longer where the extra time is needed to return the vehicle to base. This is Article 29(5) of Regulation (EU) No 165/2014.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 29(5)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-tacho-0007","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Which of these best describes the prohibition in Article 32(3) of Regulation (EU) No 165/2014?","options":["Falsifying, concealing, suppressing or destroying tachograph data, driver card data or printouts is forbidden","The prohibition covers interference with the vehicle unit seal only","The prohibition covers data held on the driver card only","The prohibition covers printouts that the driver has signed only"],"correct":0,"explanation":"It is forbidden to falsify, conceal, suppress or destroy tachograph data, driver card data or printouts. The prohibition covers all three kinds of record, not just one of them. This is Article 32(3) of Regulation (EU) No 165/2014.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 32(3)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-tacho-0008","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"A driver wipes the memory of the tachograph unit to hide long driving days. Which records does the rule against falsifying and destroying cover?","options":["Printouts only","Tachograph data, driver card data and printouts","The vehicle unit own data only","Only records that the driver has already signed"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The prohibition in Article 32(3) covers tachograph data, driver card data and printouts, so wiping the unit memory falls inside it. This is Article 32(3) of Regulation (EU) No 165/2014.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 32(3)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-tacho-0009","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Who must keep used tachograph record sheets and printouts, and for how long?","options":["The driver, for at least six months","The approved workshop, for at least five years","The transport undertaking, for at least one year","Nobody, once the data has been downloaded to a computer"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The transport undertaking must keep record sheets and printouts for at least one year and produce them to a control officer on request. This is Article 33(2) of Regulation (EU) No 165/2014.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 33(2)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-tacho-0010","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"What must the driver do with the mode switch on the tachograph?","options":["Set the switch as the employer directs for the whole shift","Record driving and rest only, and leave the remaining modes to the unit","Use the manual entry mode for every break taken","Operate the switch mechanisms so that driving, other work, availability and rest or breaks are recorded separately"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The driver must operate the switch mechanisms so that driving, other work, availability, and rest or breaks are each recorded separately. Accurate mode selection is part of the driver duties. This is Article 34(5)(b) of Regulation (EU) No 165/2014.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 34(5)(b)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-tacho-0011","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You are driving with no driver card because yours was damaged. What must you do about the records for the journey?","options":["Print out the tachograph information at the end of the journey and sign the printout","Send a printout to the card issuer within 24 hours","Hand the printout to the workshop that repairs the unit","Keep a handwritten note of the hours instead of a printout"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Where the driver card is damaged, malfunctions, or is lost or stolen, the driver must print out the information recorded by the tachograph at the end of the journey and sign that printout. This is Article 35(2)(b) of Regulation (EU) No 165/2014.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 35(2)(b)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-tacho-0013","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"While a tachograph is unserviceable, what must the driver do about the periods that are no longer recorded?","options":["Stop driving until the unit works again","Wait for the workshop to reconstruct the missing data","Mark the identifying data and the missing periods on a record sheet or a temporary sheet","Report the gaps to the card issuer by post at the end of the week"],"correct":2,"explanation":"While the unit is unserviceable, the driver must mark the identifying data and the information for the periods of time that are no longer recorded on a record sheet or on a temporary sheet. This is Article 37(2) of Regulation (EU) No 165/2014.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 37(2)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0001","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"Which drivers are covered by the Irish driver CPC regulations when they drive a relevant vehicle in a public place?","options":["Only Irish citizens","Only drivers employed by an undertaking in the State","Only drivers who hold a driving licence issued in the State","An Irish citizen, a national of another Member State, or a third country national employed by an undertaking in the State, in another Member State or in the United Kingdom"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The regulations reach a person driving a relevant vehicle in a public place who is an Irish citizen, a national of another Member State, or a third country national employed by an undertaking in the State, in another Member State or in the United Kingdom. The source is Regulation 2(b) of S.I. No. 594 of 2025, substituting Regulation 6(1) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Union (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 594 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 2(b), substituting Regulation 6(1) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/594/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0003","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"Which licence categories count as a relevant vehicle for the driver CPC regulations?","options":["C, C1, CE and C1E only","C, C1, CE, C1E, D, D1, DE and D1E","C and CE only","C, CE and the passenger categories, but not C1, C1E, D1 or D1E"],"correct":1,"explanation":"A relevant vehicle is one of category C, C1, CE, C1E, D, D1, DE or D1E. Both the goods categories and the passenger categories are included. The source is Regulation 2(a)(xiv) of S.I. No. 178 of 2020, substituting the definition in Regulation 2(1) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Union (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (Amendment) Regulations 2020 (S.I. No. 178 of 2020)","provision":"Regulation 2(a)(xiv), substituting the definition of relevant vehicle in Regulation 2(1) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2020/si/178/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0006","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"What is the minimum age at which a person may apply for the initial driver CPC test in the passenger categories D and DE?","options":["21","18","20","23"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The age below which a person may not apply for the initial CPC test is 21 for the passenger categories D, DE, D1 and D1E, while it is 18 for the goods categories. This is the table in Regulation 7(3) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008, as substituted by S.I. No. 178 of 2020.","source":{"instrument":"European Union (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (Amendment) Regulations 2020 (S.I. No. 178 of 2020)","provision":"Regulation 2(d)(i), substituting the table in Regulation 7(3) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2020/si/178/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0008","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"How is the initial driver CPC obtained in Ireland?","options":["By attending a compulsory course of a set length","By passing a practical test only","By passing the theoretical and practical tests, with no compulsory course attendance","By holding the category driving licence for a set period"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Ireland awards the initial CPC on the theoretical and practical tests set out in Annex I, section 2, point 2.2, and there is no compulsory course attendance requirement. This is Regulation 7(4) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 7(4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0009","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"A person completes both parts of the initial CPC qualification. Who issues the initial CPC?","options":["The approved training centre that prepared the person","The driving test examiner who conducted the practical element","The employer who employs the person as a driver","The Authority"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Where a person completes the theoretical and practical tests, the Authority issues the person with an initial CPC. The Authority is the Road Safety Authority. This is Regulation 7(5) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 7(5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0010","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"You already hold a driver CPC for one category and now want a CPC for another category. Which parts of the qualification must you take?","options":["Only the test elements specific to the new category","The full theoretical and practical tests again","The theoretical test only","Both the elements common to every category and the category specific elements"],"correct":0,"explanation":"A driver who already holds a CPC in one category need only take the test elements specific to the new category, because the common elements have already been covered. This is Regulation 7(6) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 7(6)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0011","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"What are the two parts of the driver CPC theoretical test?","options":["A multiple choice test and a hazard perception test","A multiple choice test and a test based on case studies","A case study test and an interview with an examiner","A written examination and a road sign identification test"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The theoretical test has two parts, a multiple choice test and a test based on case studies. Both parts must be passed. This is Regulation 8(3) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 8(3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0013","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"What must a driver who holds an initial driver CPC do to keep the qualification current?","options":["Resit the initial theoretical test every five years","Take a medical examination every five years","Tell the Authority each year that the driver is still working","Attend a compulsory periodic retraining course at an approved centre"],"correct":3,"explanation":"A person holding an initial CPC, or exempted from obtaining one by the acquired rights rule, must attend a compulsory periodic retraining course at an approved centre. This is Regulation 12(1)(a) and (b) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 12(1)(a) and (b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0014","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"Where must the compulsory periodic retraining be carried out?","options":["At an approved centre","At the employer premises, delivered by any qualified driver","At any driving school chosen by the driver","At home, using a training manual supplied by the employer"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The compulsory periodic retraining must be delivered at an approved centre. Training delivered by an employer or a driving school outside the approval system does not satisfy the duty. This is Regulation 12(1)(b) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 12(1)(a) and (b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0015","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"A driver left the occupation some time ago and now holds no valid driver CPC. What must the driver complete before a CPC can be issued?","options":["7 hours of retraining","35 hours of retraining","21 hours of retraining","45 hours of retraining"],"correct":1,"explanation":"A driver who no longer pursues the occupation and does not hold a CPC must complete 35 hours of retraining before a CPC may be issued. This is Regulation 12(4) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008, read with Article 8(4) of Directive (EU) 2022/2561.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 12(4), read with Article 8(4) of Directive (EU) 2022/2561","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0016","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"An approved centre tells the Authority that a driver has completed a periodic training course. What happens next?","options":["The Authority issues a new driving licence","The Authority invites the driver to a test","The Authority issues the driver with a periodic CPC","Nothing happens until the driver makes a separate application"],"correct":2,"explanation":"When an approved centre notifies the Authority that a person completed the course, the Authority issues the person with a periodic CPC. The driver does not need to make a fresh application. This is Regulation 12(5)(a) and (b) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 12(5)(a) and (b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0017","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"You complete part of your compulsory periodic retraining in another Member State. Does that training count towards your current training cycle?","options":["No, only training completed in the State counts","No, the training must be repeated in the State","No, training abroad counts only in the next training cycle","Yes, it is taken into consideration in the current training cycle"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Compulsory periodic retraining completed in another Member State is taken into consideration in the current CPC training cycle. Training is not confined to the State. This is Regulation 12(8) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008, as inserted by S.I. No. 178 of 2020.","source":{"instrument":"European Union (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (Amendment) Regulations 2020 (S.I. No. 178 of 2020)","provision":"Regulation 2(f)(ii), inserting Regulation 12(8) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2020/si/178/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0018","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"What must support an application for a driver qualification card?","options":["Two recent passport sized photographs and a copy of the driving licence","One recent photograph and the original driving licence","Two recent photographs and a medical certificate","A copy of the driving licence only"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The Authority issues the driver qualification card on application supported by two recent passport sized photographs and a copy of the driving licence. This is Regulation 15(1) and Regulation 15(2)(a) and (b) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 15(1) and Regulation 15(2)(a) and (b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0019","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"Who may apply for an Irish driver qualification card?","options":["Anyone who holds an Irish driving licence","A person whose normal residence is in the State, or a person who works in the State","Only a person whose normal residence is in the State","Any driver who works anywhere in the European Union"],"correct":1,"explanation":"A person may apply for a driver qualification card only where the person normal residence is in the State or the person works in the State. Holding an Irish licence is not the test. This is Regulation 15(3)(a) and (b) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 15(3)(a) and (b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0021","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"What is the maximum period of validity of a driver qualification card?","options":["3 years","10 years","The period of validity of the driving licence","5 years"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The maximum period of validity of a driver qualification card is 5 years. It is shorter than the period of validity of a driving licence and it is fixed by Regulation 15(5) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 15(5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0022","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"How early may you apply to renew your driver qualification card?","options":["Not earlier than 6 months before the card expires","Not earlier than 12 months before the card expires","Not earlier than 3 months before the card expires","At any time at all, however early"],"correct":0,"explanation":"A renewal application may be made not earlier than 6 months before the current card expires. This is Regulation 15(4) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 15(4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0023","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"Your driver qualification card expires in 8 months. May you send the renewal application now?","options":["Yes, renewal may be applied for at any time","No, an application may be made no earlier than 6 months before expiry","Yes, because renewal is allowed up to 12 months ahead","Yes, because the card is inside its final year"],"correct":1,"explanation":"A renewal application may be made not earlier than 6 months before the current card expires, so at 8 months before expiry the application is too early. This is Regulation 15(4) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 15(4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0024","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"Your driver qualification card is damaged. What must you send with the application for a replacement?","options":["Two recent photographs only","The damaged card only","Two recent photographs and the damaged card","One photograph and a written statement about the damage"],"correct":2,"explanation":"A damaged, lost or stolen card is replaced on application with two recent photographs and, where the card is damaged, the damaged card itself. This is Regulation 16(2)(a), (b) and (c) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 16(2)(a), (b) and (c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0025","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"Who may ask you to produce your driver CPC?","options":["Only a member of the Garda Síochána","Your employer or the training centre that issued your records","Any employee of the Authority, on production of an identity card","A member of the Garda Síochána or a transport officer"],"correct":3,"explanation":"A member of the Garda Síochána or a transport officer may ask a driver for the driver CPC at any time, and failure to produce it is an offence. This is Regulation 17(4) and (5) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 17(4) and (5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0026","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"A transport officer asks you for your driver CPC and you cannot produce it. What follows?","options":["Failing to produce it is an offence","Nothing follows, because only a member of the Garda Síochána may ask","Nothing follows unless you are on an international journey","The officer must report the matter to your employer instead"],"correct":0,"explanation":"A member of the Garda Síochána or a transport officer may ask for the driver CPC at any time, and failing to produce it is an offence. This is Regulation 17(4) and (5) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 17(4) and (5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0029","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"A transport manager lets a driver who holds no valid driver CPC take out a relevant vehicle. What is the manager position?","options":["Only the driver commits an offence","No offence arises, because the manager did not drive","The offence lies with the registered owner of the vehicle only","The manager commits an offence by causing or permitting the driving"],"correct":3,"explanation":"A person who causes or permits another person who does not hold a valid driver CPC to drive a relevant vehicle commits an offence, punishable by a class A fine. This is Regulation 23(2) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008, with the penalty in Regulation 23(3) as substituted by S.I. No. 594 of 2025.","source":{"instrument":"European Union (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 594 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 23(2) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008; Regulation 2(f)(ii) of S.I. No. 594 of 2025, substituting Regulation 23(3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/594/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0030","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"Which of these is an offence under the driver CPC regulations?","options":["Giving false information in an application, or using an altered CPC with intent to deceive","Losing a driver qualification card and reporting the loss a week later","Failing a periodic training course and taking it again","Allowing a driver qualification card to expire while not driving"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Giving false information for a CPC application, forging or altering a CPC, and using an altered CPC with intent to deceive are offences. This is Regulation 22(4) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008, as substituted by S.I. No. 594 of 2025, read with the offences in Regulation 22(1) to (3).","source":{"instrument":"European Union (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 594 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 2(e), substituting Regulation 22(4) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008, with the offences in Regulation 22(1) to (3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/594/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0031","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"In the State, who has access to the driver CPC enforcement network?","options":["Every employer of drivers","The Authority and members of the Garda Síochána","The approved training centres","Any member of the public who makes a written request"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Access in the State to the enforcement network is limited to the Authority and members of the Garda Síochána, and the Authority exchanges CPC information with other Member States through it. This is Regulation 21A of S.I. No. 359 of 2008, as inserted by S.I. No. 380 of 2021.","source":{"instrument":"European Union (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (Amendment) Regulations 2021 (S.I. No. 380 of 2021)","provision":"Regulation 2(b), inserting Regulation 21A of S.I. No. 359 of 2008","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2021/si/380/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0032","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"The driver CPC regulations do not apply to a vehicle below a certain maximum authorised speed. What is the figure?","options":["not exceeding 50 kilometres per hour","not exceeding 60 kilometres per hour","not exceeding 45 kilometres per hour","not exceeding 80 kilometres per hour"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The regulations do not apply to a vehicle with a maximum authorised speed not exceeding 45 kilometres per hour. This is Regulation 6(2)(a) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008)","provision":"Regulation 6(2)(a)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0041","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"Where Ireland uses the tests only route for the initial qualification, how long is the theoretical test?","options":["2 hours","7 hours","35 hours","At least 4 hours"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Under the tests only route, the theoretical test lasts at least 4 hours and is taken in two parts. The figures of 7 hours and 35 hours belong to periodic training, not to this test. This is Annex I, section 2, point 2.2 of Directive (EU) 2022/2561.","source":{"instrument":"Directive (EU) 2022/2561 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 on the initial qualification and periodic training of drivers of certain road vehicles for the carriage of goods or passengers","provision":"Annex I, section 2, point 2.2","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022L2561","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0042","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"Under the tests only route, what does the practical test for the initial qualification consist of?","options":["A 90 minute driving test plus a 30 minute test","A 60 minute driving test plus a 15 minute test","A 90 minute driving test with no second element","A 120 minute driving test plus a 30 minute test"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The practical test under the tests only route consists of a driving test of 90 minutes plus a further test of 30 minutes. This is Annex I, section 2, point 2.2 of Directive (EU) 2022/2561.","source":{"instrument":"Directive (EU) 2022/2561 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 on the initial qualification and periodic training of drivers of certain road vehicles for the carriage of goods or passengers","provision":"Annex I, section 2, point 2.2","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022L2561","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0047","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"A driver has just been issued with an initial CPC. When must the first periodic training course be taken?","options":["Within three years of its issue","Within five years of its issue","Within seven years of its issue","Within nine years of its issue"],"correct":1,"explanation":"A holder of an initial CPC must take the first periodic training course within five years of its issue. This is Article 8(2) of Directive (EU) 2022/2561. In Ireland the 35 hours of that course are taken in 7 hour tranches each year, under Regulation 12(3) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008.","source":{"instrument":"Directive (EU) 2022/2561 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 on the initial qualification and periodic training of drivers of certain road vehicles for the carriage of goods or passengers","provision":"Article 8(2)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022L2561","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0048","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"Within what range may a Member State set the period before the first periodic training course?","options":["Between one and three years","Between five and ten years","Between three and seven years","Between two and five years"],"correct":2,"explanation":"A Member State may set the period before the first periodic training course at between three and seven years, and the default figure is five years. This is Article 8(2) of Directive (EU) 2022/2561.","source":{"instrument":"Directive (EU) 2022/2561 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 on the initial qualification and periodic training of drivers of certain road vehicles for the carriage of goods or passengers","provision":"Article 8(2)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022L2561","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0050","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"How is the driver CPC qualification marked on documents, and is a card issued in another Member State accepted here?","options":["The harmonised Union code 95 is marked on the driving licence or on a driver qualification card, and a card issued in another Member State is recognised","Code 95 is marked on the driving licence only, and cards from other Member States are not recognised","Code 95 is marked on the vehicle plate rather than on a personal document","The qualification is held in a national register only, with no marking on any document"],"correct":0,"explanation":"On the basis of the initial and periodic CPCs the competent authority marks the harmonised Union code 95 on the driving licence or on a driver qualification card, and a card issued by one Member State is mutually recognised. This is Article 10(1) of Directive (EU) 2022/2561.","source":{"instrument":"Directive (EU) 2022/2561 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 on the initial qualification and periodic training of drivers of certain road vehicles for the carriage of goods or passengers","provision":"Article 10(1)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022L2561","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0052","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"How long is a periodic training course, and over what period does it run?","options":["21 hours every three years","45 hours every five years","35 hours every five years","35 hours every three years"],"correct":2,"explanation":"A periodic training course runs 35 hours every five years. The training is made up of periods of at least seven hours. This is Annex I, section 4, first paragraph of Directive (EU) 2022/2561.","source":{"instrument":"Directive (EU) 2022/2561 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 on the initial qualification and periodic training of drivers of certain road vehicles for the carriage of goods or passengers","provision":"Annex I, section 4, first paragraph","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022L2561","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0053","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"What is the minimum length of a periodic training period, and how may it be divided?","options":["At least four hours, split over any two days","At least seven hours, which must be taken in one single day","At least three hours, split over three days","At least seven hours, which may be split over two consecutive days"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Periodic training is made up of periods of at least seven hours, and a period may be split over two consecutive days. This is Annex I, section 4, first paragraph of Directive (EU) 2022/2561.","source":{"instrument":"Directive (EU) 2022/2561 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 on the initial qualification and periodic training of drivers of certain road vehicles for the carriage of goods or passengers","provision":"Annex I, section 4, first paragraph","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022L2561","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-cpc-0054","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"Where e learning is used as part of periodic training, what limits apply?","options":["No more than 12 hours may be e learning, and at least one training period must cover a road safety related subject","E learning is unlimited where a test follows the course","E learning may take up the whole 35 hours if it is supervised","There is no limit on e learning, and the road safety subject is optional"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Where e learning is used, the maximum duration is 12 hours, and at least one of the training periods must cover a road safety related subject. This is Annex I, section 4, first paragraph of Directive (EU) 2022/2561.","source":{"instrument":"Directive (EU) 2022/2561 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 on the initial qualification and periodic training of drivers of certain road vehicles for the carriage of goods or passengers","provision":"Annex I, section 4, first paragraph","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022L2561","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-ops-0050","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"What four requirements must an undertaking engaged in the occupation of road transport operator meet?","options":["An office in every county, a passenger CPC, a fuel contract and a spare fleet","A merchandise licence only, with no further requirements","An effective and stable establishment in a Member State, good repute, appropriate financial standing and the requisite professional competence","A tachograph card for each vehicle and a speed limiter plate only"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The undertaking must have an effective and stable establishment in a Member State, be of good repute, have appropriate financial standing and have the requisite professional competence. County offices, a merchandise licence on its own, or tachograph and limiter kit on its own is not those four. This is the operator requirement rule in Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 1071/2009.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 1071/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 establishing common rules concerning the conditions to be complied with to pursue the occupation of road transport operator","provision":"Article 3(1)(a) to (d)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02009R1071-20220221","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u11-ops-0051","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"Is good repute enough on its own for an undertaking to pursue the occupation of road transport operator?","options":["Yes, good repute is the only requirement","Yes, if the vehicles are under 7.5 tonnes","Yes, if it holds a driver CPC for each driver","No, it must also have an effective and stable establishment in a Member State, appropriate financial standing and the requisite professional competence"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Good repute is one of four requirements. The undertaking must also have an effective and stable establishment in a Member State, appropriate financial standing and the requisite professional competence. Weight of the vehicles or a driver CPC is not a substitute for those four. This is the operator requirement rule in Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 1071/2009.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 1071/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 establishing common rules concerning the conditions to be complied with to pursue the occupation of road transport operator","provision":"Article 3(1)(a) to (d)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02009R1071-20220221","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-hours-0003","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You drive a bus on a regular town service whose route is under 50 kilometres long. What is the effect of the EU drivers' hours rules on that service?","options":["The rules apply in full because the service is open to the public and a timetable is published","The rules do not apply, but the State must still protect your driving time, breaks and rest","The rules apply only while the school term is running","The rules do not apply and no protection is required at all"],"correct":1,"explanation":"A regular passenger service whose route does not exceed 50 kilometres is outside the scope of the Regulation. The exemption is not a free pass, because the State must still lay down rules protecting the drivers on those services on driving time, breaks and rest. Who the passengers are and the time of year do not change the test. The source is the amended Regulation on social legislation relating to road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 3(a); Article 15","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_3","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-hours-0004","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"A regular bus service has a route of exactly 50 kilometres. Do the EU drivers' hours rules cover the drivers on it?","options":["Yes, because the route is long enough to need a tachograph and a record sheet","Yes, because the service is open to the public and a timetable is published","No, and the drivers have no protection at all","No, because the route does not exceed 50 kilometres"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The Regulation leaves out a regular passenger service whose route does not exceed 50 kilometres, and a route of exactly 50 kilometres is within that limit. That does not leave the drivers unprotected, because the State must still protect their driving time, breaks and rest. The test is the length of the route, not who the passengers are or what equipment is on the bus. The source is the amended Regulation on social legislation relating to road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 3(a); Article 15","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_3","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-hours-0005","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You drive a coach on an occasional tour and the driving period calls for a break. The usual 45 minute break does not suit the tour schedule. What may replace it?","options":["One break of at least 30 minutes taken at the very end of the driving period","Three breaks of at least 10 minutes each during the day","Two breaks of at least 15 minutes each, spread over the driving period","No break at all, because occasional services are exempt from the break rule"],"correct":2,"explanation":"On an occasional passenger service the 45 minute break may be replaced by two breaks of at least 15 minutes each, arranged across the driving period so that the rest of the break rule is still met. Shorter or fewer breaks do not meet that condition, and occasional passenger services are not exempt from the break rule. The source is the amended Regulation on social legislation relating to road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 7, third paragraph","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_7","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-hours-0006","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"On an occasional passenger service, what is the shortest length of each of the two breaks that may replace the ordinary 45 minute break?","options":["At least 15 minutes each","At least 20 minutes each, taken before the halfway point","At least 30 minutes each, taken at the destination","At least 10 minutes each during the driving period"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The replacement for the ordinary 45 minute break on an occasional passenger service is two breaks of at least 15 minutes each, spread over the driving period so that the break rule as a whole is met. A break of 20 or 30 minutes is longer than the minimum, but the measure consists of two breaks and not one longer break. The source is the amended Regulation on social legislation relating to road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 7, third paragraph","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_7","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-hours-0007","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You are on a single occasional passenger service that runs over several days. You want to take a daily rest within 25 hours of your previous rest. What condition must that day's driving meet?","options":["Your driving that day must not have exceeded 9 hours in total","Your driving that day must not have exceeded 7 hours","The vehicle must have a digital tachograph fitted","You must be accompanied by a second driver"],"correct":1,"explanation":"On a single occasional passenger service of at least six consecutive 24 hour periods, a driver may once take a daily rest within 25 hours of the previous rest if that day's driving has not exceeded 7 hours and road safety is not put at risk. The nine hour figure belongs to the ordinary daily driving limit and not to this condition. The equipment on the bus and the presence of a second driver do not decide the matter. The source is the amended Regulation on social legislation relating to road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 8(2a)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-hours-0008","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Your single occasional passenger service lasts at least eight consecutive 24 hour periods. How many times may you take a daily rest within 25 hours of your previous rest?","options":["Once only","Three times at most","Once for every 24 hour period","Twice"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The passenger service measure may be used once on a service of at least six consecutive 24 hour periods and twice on a service of at least eight consecutive 24 hour periods. So a service of eight or more periods allows two uses of the measure. Using it for every period would go far beyond the rule, and road safety must not be put at risk on any of the days involved. The source is the amended Regulation on social legislation relating to road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 8(2a)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-hours-0009","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Your single occasional passenger service lasts six consecutive 24 hour periods. How often may the daily rest be taken within 25 hours of the previous rest?","options":["Once","Twice during the service","Once on each of the three middle days","It may not be taken at all on a service of this length"],"correct":0,"explanation":"A service of at least six consecutive 24 hour periods allows one use of the 25 hour daily rest arrangement. The second use becomes available only when the service lasts at least eight consecutive 24 hour periods. The day's driving must not exceed 7 hours and road safety must not be put at risk. The source is the amended Regulation on social legislation relating to road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 8(2a)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-hours-0010","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You drive a coach on a single occasional passenger service and you have already taken a regular weekly rest. How long may you postpone the next weekly rest?","options":["Up to 7 consecutive 24 hour periods after that rest","Up to 10 consecutive 24 hour periods after that rest","Up to 12 consecutive 24 hour periods","Up to 14 consecutive 24 hour periods on a long tour"],"correct":2,"explanation":"After a previous regular weekly rest, a driver on a single occasional passenger service may postpone the weekly rest for up to 12 consecutive 24 hour periods. The postponement follows a regular weekly rest that has already been taken, so it is not a way to skip the weekly rest altogether. The source is the amended Regulation on social legislation relating to road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 8(6a)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-hours-0011","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Does the rule that lets you postpone the weekly rest on a single occasional passenger service apply only to international journeys?","options":["No, it applies to national and international services","Yes, it applies only to international journeys and cross border tours","It applies only to journeys longer than 50 kilometres","It applies only where two drivers are on board"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The postponement of the weekly rest on a single occasional passenger service applies to national and international services alike. The length of the journey and the number of drivers on board do not decide whether the measure is available. The service must still be a single occasional passenger service of the kind the Regulation describes. The source is the amended Regulation on social legislation relating to road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 8(6a)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-hours-0012","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You intend to use the passenger service rule to postpone your weekly rest. What must you have taken before you start using it?","options":["A reduced daily rest taken at the start of the service","A break of 45 minutes taken at the depot","Nothing in particular, because the rule stands alone","A previous regular weekly rest"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The postponement is available only after a previous regular weekly rest has been taken. It lengthens the gap before the next weekly rest rather than replacing the weekly rest itself. A daily rest or a short break does not open the door to the measure. The source is the amended Regulation on social legislation relating to road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 8(6a)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-hours-0013","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You are relying on a passenger service derogation from the drivers' hours rules and no digital journey form is available. What must you carry on the vehicle?","options":["A copy of the timetable for the service you are currently driving","A completed journey form","A letter from the operator","Nothing, because the tachograph records everything"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Until a digital journey form is available, a driver who uses one of the passenger service derogations must carry a completed journey form on board. The form records the details of the service that justify the derogation. A timetable or a letter from the operator is not the document the rule requires. The source is the amended Regulation on social legislation relating to road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 16(4)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_16","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-hours-0014","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"How far back must the copies of the journey form go when you carry them on the vehicle?","options":["The previous 28 days, because that is the review period","The previous 12 days","The previous 56 days","The previous 90 days"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The driver must carry a completed journey form for the current service and copies covering the previous 56 days. That period matches the length of time the enforcement authorities may ask to see. A shorter period would leave part of the relevant record missing. The source is the amended Regulation on social legislation relating to road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 16(4)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_16","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-hours-0015","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"In which situation does a coach driver have to keep a journey form on board?","options":["When the coach travels more than 50 kilometres from its base","When the coach carries more than 30 passengers","When the driver uses an analogue tachograph record sheet","When you rely on a passenger service derogation"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The journey form duty applies to a driver who uses one of the passenger service derogations. The distance from base, the number of passengers and the type of tachograph do not create the duty. The form and the copies for the previous 56 days let an inspector see that the derogation was properly used. The source is the amended Regulation on social legislation relating to road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 16(4)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_16","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-tacho-0001","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Your digital tachograph driver card stops working properly during a shift. What must you do with the card?","options":["Return it to the competent authority","Keep it and record your hours by hand instead","Destroy it and apply for a new one","Leave it in the vehicle and report it at the next inspection"],"correct":0,"explanation":"A driver card that is damaged or malfunctioning must be returned to the competent authority. Written records by hand and holding on to the card do not replace that step, and destroying the card is not permitted. The source is the tachograph Regulation for road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 29(2)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-tacho-0002","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Your driver card is stolen while you are working in another country. Where must the theft be declared?","options":["To the authorities of the State that issued the card, wherever the theft happened","To the authorities of the State where the theft happened","To your employer only, because the operator holds the records","To the tachograph manufacturer"],"correct":1,"explanation":"A stolen driver card must be formally declared to the authorities of the State where the theft occurred. The issuing State deals with a card that is lost, and the operator's records are separate from the formal declaration. The source is the tachograph Regulation for road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 29(2)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-tacho-0003","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Which authority must receive the formal declaration that your driver card has been lost?","options":["The authority of the State where the loss happened","The tachograph workshop that services the vehicle and holds the records","The Member State that issued the card","The Garda station nearest the depot"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The loss of a driver card must be reported by formal declaration to the competent authorities of the Member State that issued the card, and to the Member State where the driver normally lives if that is a different State. The place where the card was lost does not decide where the declaration goes, and the declaration is separate from any report the operator may make in its own records. The source is the tachograph Regulation for road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 29(3)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-tacho-0004","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"During a roadside check an inspector finds a small device in the cab that could change the data recorded by the tachograph. Is that device allowed on the vehicle?","options":["Yes, provided it is not switched on at any time during the journey","Yes, provided the operator approved its use in writing","Yes, provided it is stored in a locked box in the cab","No, it must not be present on the vehicle or used on it"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The rule forbids a device that could falsify or destroy tachograph data from being present on a vehicle or used on it. It does not matter whether the device is switched off, approved by the operator or locked away. The source is the tachograph Regulation for road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 32(3)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-tacho-0005","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"What does the tachograph rule say about equipment that could alter the data recorded by the unit?","options":["It must not be present on the vehicle or used on it","It may be carried on board for emergency use with the operator's approval","It is allowed if the seals on the unit are intact","It is allowed on vehicles used on international services"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Equipment that could falsify or destroy the data recorded by the tachograph must not be present on the vehicle or used on it. Emergency use, intact seals and the type of service do not create an exception. The source is the tachograph Regulation for road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 32(3)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-tacho-0006","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"What standard does the rule set for the tachograph record you hand over at the end of a shift?","options":["It must be signed by the operator before the driver's shift ends and kept in the cab","It must be copied before you leave the vehicle","It must be adequately protected and must not be dirty or damaged","It must be posted to the authority within seven days"],"correct":2,"explanation":"A driver must adequately protect the record sheet or driver card and must not use one that is dirty or damaged. A signature, a copy or a posting step is not what this rule requires. The source is the tachograph Regulation for road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 34(2)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-tacho-0007","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Two drivers share a coach that has an analogue tachograph. What must the drivers do with the record sheets?","options":["Use a single sheet between them for the whole day and note the changeover","Amend the sheets so each driver's driving is on that driver's sheet","Record all the driving on the first driver's sheet and add the second driver's name","Leave the sheets untouched and explain the position later"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Where an analogue tachograph is used and more than one driver is carried, the drivers must amend the record sheets so that the driving appears on the sheet of the driver who was actually driving. A shared sheet or a later explanation does not produce an accurate record. The source is the tachograph Regulation for road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 34(4)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-tacho-0008","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"An analogue record sheet is damaged during your shift and you use a spare sheet instead. What must you do with the damaged sheet?","options":["Throw it away once the new sheet is in place and the shift ends","Send it to the operator by post at the end of the week","Attach it to the vehicle log book","Keep it together with the spare sheet that replaced it"],"correct":3,"explanation":"A damaged record sheet must be kept together with the spare sheet used to replace it, so the record can be read as a whole. Discarding it or storing it away from the replacement breaks the link between the two. The source is the tachograph Regulation for road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 35(1)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-tacho-0009","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Your coach develops a tachograph fault and the vehicle cannot get back to the operator's premises within one week. What does the rule require?","options":["The repair must be carried out en route","The vehicle must be taken off service at once","The fault may wait until the next periodic test","The driver may record the hours by hand for the whole week"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Where a tachograph fails and the vehicle cannot return to the premises within one week, the repair must be carried out en route. Delaying the repair or relying on written records by hand for the whole week does not meet that duty. The source is the tachograph Regulation for road transport.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 37(1)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-cpc-0001","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"You held a licence to drive buses before 10 September 2008. Do you have to obtain an initial Driver CPC for the passenger categories?","options":["Yes, because every bus driver must obtain an initial CPC before driving for a living","No, you held the licence before that date and acquired rights apply","Only if you drive outside the State on international services","Only if you change employer"],"correct":1,"explanation":"A person who held a licence for the passenger categories before 10 September 2008 is not required to obtain an initial Driver CPC for those categories, because acquired rights apply. The position is different for a driver who did not hold the licence before that date. Driving abroad or changing employer does not take the acquired right away. The source is the Driver CPC regulations for professional drivers.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008), as amended by S.I. No. 178 of 2020","provision":"Regulation 7(7) and (8), read with Regulation 11","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-cpc-0002","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"A driver did not hold a bus licence before the relevant cut off date. From which date must that driver hold an initial Driver CPC to drive a bus for reward?","options":["10 September 2009, the date that applies to the goods categories","The date the driver first drove a bus for reward","10 September 2008","The date the driver first held a driving licence"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The initial Driver CPC rule applies to the passenger categories from 10 September 2008 and to the goods categories from 10 September 2009. A driver who already held a licence for the relevant category before the date for that category has acquired rights and does not need the initial qualification. The source is the Driver CPC regulations for professional drivers.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (No. 2) Regulations 2008 (S.I. No. 359 of 2008), as amended by S.I. No. 178 of 2020","provision":"Regulation 7(7) and (8), read with Regulation 11","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/359/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-cpc-0003","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"You are a mechanic and you must drive a bus with no passengers to a maintenance centre close by. Driving is not your main job. Does the Driver CPC rule apply to that journey?","options":["No, the movement comes within a CPC exemption","Yes, because every movement of a bus on a public road needs a CPC","Yes, unless the maintenance centre is on the operator's own depot site","No, but only if the mechanic holds a full CPC as well"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The CPC regulations do not apply to a category D or D1 vehicle driven without passengers by maintenance personnel to or from a nearby maintenance centre, where driving is not the driver's principal activity. The exemption rests on all of those conditions together, so it is not enough that the mechanic also holds a CPC or that the centre is close to the depot. The source is the Driver CPC amendment regulations.","source":{"instrument":"European Union (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (Amendment) Regulations 2020 (S.I. No. 178 of 2020)","provision":"Regulation 2(b)(vi), inserting Regulation 6(2)(i) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2020/si/178/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-cpc-0004","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"Which journey is outside the Driver CPC requirement for a bus?","options":["A bus carrying passengers to an airport","A bus used on a school run","An empty bus being moved by a relief driver to the start of a scheduled service","A bus with no passengers driven by maintenance staff to a nearby centre"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The CPC requirement does not apply to a bus being driven without passengers by maintenance personnel to or from a nearby maintenance centre when driving is not the driver's principal activity. A school run, an airport transfer or a repositioning movement by a relief driver is not covered by that exemption. The source is the Driver CPC amendment regulations.","source":{"instrument":"European Union (Vehicle Drivers Certificate of Professional Competence) (Amendment) Regulations 2020 (S.I. No. 178 of 2020)","provision":"Regulation 2(b)(vi), inserting Regulation 6(2)(i) of S.I. No. 359 of 2008","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2020/si/178/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-cpc-0005","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"You hold an initial Driver CPC for category D awarded under the route that follows a training course and test. What is the earliest age at which you may hold category D?","options":["18","21","23","24"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Under the codified Directive a driver may hold category D or DE from the age of 21 where the initial qualification was obtained under the route based on a training course and test. The age of 23 belongs to the accelerated route, and the Directive sets no age of 24 for this category. The source is the codified Directive on initial qualification and periodic training.","source":{"instrument":"Directive (EU) 2022/2561 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 on the initial qualification and periodic training of drivers of certain road vehicles for the carriage of goods or passengers","provision":"Article 5(2) and (3)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022L2561","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-cpc-0006","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"A driver obtains an initial Driver CPC for category DE under the accelerated route provided for in the Directive. What is the earliest age at which that driver may hold category DE?","options":["18","21","23","24"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The codified Directive sets 23 as the age for category D and DE where the initial qualification was obtained under the accelerated route. The age of 21 applies where the qualification was obtained under the route based on a training course and test. The source is the codified Directive on initial qualification and periodic training.","source":{"instrument":"Directive (EU) 2022/2561 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 on the initial qualification and periodic training of drivers of certain road vehicles for the carriage of goods or passengers","provision":"Article 5(2) and (3)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022L2561","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-cpc-0007","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"What is the youngest age at which the State applies the bus categories D1 and D1E for a driver who holds the relevant CPC?","options":["17","18","23","21"],"correct":3,"explanation":"For the light bus categories D1 and D1E the State applies the age of 21. That is lower than the age of 23 the Directive attaches to the accelerated route for the larger bus categories. The source is the codified Directive on initial qualification and periodic training.","source":{"instrument":"Directive (EU) 2022/2561 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 on the initial qualification and periodic training of drivers of certain road vehicles for the carriage of goods or passengers","provision":"Article 5(2) and (3)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022L2561","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-cpc-0008","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"You already hold a Driver CPC for category D1 and you now want to drive a category D bus. Must you obtain a further initial CPC for category D?","options":["No, one passenger category covers the other passenger categories","Yes, because each licence category needs its own CPC","Yes, unless you drive only within the State","No, but only after you have held the first category for one year"],"correct":0,"explanation":"A driver who holds a CPC for one passenger category is exempt from obtaining a CPC for the other passenger categories. The exemption does not depend on where the driving takes place or on how long the first category has been held. The source is the codified Directive on initial qualification and periodic training.","source":{"instrument":"Directive (EU) 2022/2561 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 on the initial qualification and periodic training of drivers of certain road vehicles for the carriage of goods or passengers","provision":"Article 5(4)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022L2561","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-cpc-0009","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"Which statement about the Driver CPC and the passenger categories is correct?","options":["A separate CPC is needed for every passenger category and every vehicle size","A CPC is needed only for the largest passenger category","A CPC for one passenger category covers the other passenger categories","A CPC for a passenger category does not cover any other category"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The codified Directive exempts a driver who holds a CPC for one passenger category from obtaining a CPC for the other passenger categories. The exemption is not limited to category D and does not require a separate qualification for each category. The source is the codified Directive on initial qualification and periodic training.","source":{"instrument":"Directive (EU) 2022/2561 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 on the initial qualification and periodic training of drivers of certain road vehicles for the carriage of goods or passengers","provision":"Article 5(4)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022L2561","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-cpc-0012","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"You have completed your periodic Driver CPC training for category D. You also drive a category D1 bus. Must you repeat the periodic training for category D1?","options":["Yes, periodic training must be repeated for each category before the driver may drive it","No, periodic training for one licence category covers the other categories","No, but only if the operator agrees in writing","Yes, unless you have held the first category for five years"],"correct":1,"explanation":"A driver who has completed periodic training for one licence category is exempt from further periodic training for the other categories. An operator's written agreement is not what the rule turns on, and the length of time the first category has been held does not matter. The source is the codified Directive on initial qualification and periodic training.","source":{"instrument":"Directive (EU) 2022/2561 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 on the initial qualification and periodic training of drivers of certain road vehicles for the carriage of goods or passengers","provision":"Article 8(5)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022L2561","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-cpc-0013","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"A driver has completed periodic training for one licence category. What does the codified Directive say about the other categories?","options":["The driver must repeat the same course for each category","The driver must complete a short conversion course for each additional bus category","The exemption applies only to the goods categories","The driver is exempt from further periodic training for the other categories"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Periodic training completed for one licence category exempts the driver from further periodic training for the other categories. The exemption is not limited to the goods categories and does not require a conversion course or a repeat of the same course. The source is the codified Directive on initial qualification and periodic training.","source":{"instrument":"Directive (EU) 2022/2561 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 on the initial qualification and periodic training of drivers of certain road vehicles for the carriage of goods or passengers","provision":"Article 8(5)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022L2561","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15a-licence-0001","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You do not hold a Driver CPC. At what age does the licensing rule allow you to hold category D1?","options":["21","18","23","24"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Where the person does not hold a CPC, the age below which a person is disqualified from holding a licence for category D1 is 21. The same age applies to category D1E. The age of 24 applies to the larger categories D and DE where the driver has no CPC. The source is the licensing regulations for drivers.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Licensing of Drivers) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 483 of 2011)","provision":"Regulation 2(d), substituting Regulation 9(1) of S.I. No. 537 of 2006","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2011/si/483/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-licence-0002","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You do not hold a Driver CPC and you want to hold a full category D licence. What is the minimum age for category D?","options":["18","21","24","23"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Where the person does not hold a CPC, the age below which a person is disqualified from holding a licence for category D is 24. The age of 21 belongs to the light bus categories D1 and D1E in that table. A driver who holds a CPC can hold category D from a lower age. The source is the licensing regulations for drivers.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Licensing of Drivers) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 483 of 2011)","provision":"Regulation 2(d), substituting Regulation 9(1) of S.I. No. 537 of 2006","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2011/si/483/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-licence-0003","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A person does not hold a Driver CPC. What is the age below which that person is disqualified from holding a licence for category D1E?","options":["18","21","23","24"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The licensing table that applies where the person does not hold a CPC sets 21 for category D1E. Category D1 carries the same age. The age of 24 in that table applies to the larger bus categories D and DE. The source is the licensing regulations for drivers.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Licensing of Drivers) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 483 of 2011)","provision":"Regulation 2(d), substituting Regulation 9(1) of S.I. No. 537 of 2006","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2011/si/483/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-licence-0004","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A person does not hold a Driver CPC. What is the minimum age for category DE?","options":["18","21","23","24"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The table that applies where the person does not hold a CPC sets 24 for category DE. Category D carries the same age. The age of 21 in that table is for the light bus categories D1 and D1E. The source is the licensing regulations for drivers.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Licensing of Drivers) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 483 of 2011)","provision":"Regulation 2(d), substituting Regulation 9(1) of S.I. No. 537 of 2006","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2011/si/483/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-licence-0005","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Category D covers a passenger vehicle with accommodation for how many persons?","options":["Not more than 8 persons","Not more than 16 persons on the lower deck","More than 8 persons","More than 16 persons"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Category D is the licence category for a passenger vehicle with accommodation for more than 8 persons. A vehicle with accommodation for not more than 8 persons falls outside category D. The number of persons is the accommodation the vehicle provides, not the number of people on board at any one time. The source is the licensing regulations for drivers.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Licensing of Drivers) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 483 of 2011)","provision":"Regulation 2(b), substituting the Table in Regulation 6 of S.I. No. 537 of 2006, categories D, D1, DE and D1E","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2011/si/483/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-licence-0006","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Category D1 covers a category D vehicle with accommodation for not more than how many persons?","options":["16 persons","8 persons, because the vehicle is a minibus","24 persons","32 persons"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Category D1 covers a category D vehicle with accommodation for not more than 16 persons. The vehicle also has a maximum length condition. Category D itself covers accommodation for more than 8 persons. The source is the licensing regulations for drivers.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Licensing of Drivers) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 483 of 2011)","provision":"Regulation 2(b), substituting the Table in Regulation 6 of S.I. No. 537 of 2006, categories D, D1, DE and D1E","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2011/si/483/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-licence-0007","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Category DE is for a category D drawing vehicle with a trailer whose design gross vehicle weight is what?","options":["More than 500 kilograms","More than 750 kilograms","More than 1,000 kilograms","Any weight at all, once the trailer is attached to the bus"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Category DE covers a category D drawing vehicle with a trailer whose design gross vehicle weight is greater than 750 kilograms. Category D1E follows the same trailer threshold for the D1 drawing vehicle. Below that figure the combination stays in the drawing vehicle's own category. The source is the licensing regulations for drivers.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Licensing of Drivers) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 483 of 2011)","provision":"Regulation 2(b), substituting the Table in Regulation 6 of S.I. No. 537 of 2006, categories D, D1, DE and D1E","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2011/si/483/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-licence-0008","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You hold category D and you want to tow a trailer with a design gross vehicle weight of 700 kilograms. Which category covers the combination?","options":["Category DE, because any trailer attached to a bus needs that category","Category D1, because the trailer is light","Category D1E, because the combination changes the category","Category D, because the trailer does not exceed 750 kilograms"],"correct":3,"explanation":"A combination of a category D drawing vehicle and a trailer stays in category D where the trailer's design gross vehicle weight does not exceed 750 kilograms. A heavier trailer brings the combination into category DE. The category of the drawing vehicle decides the letter in this case. The source is the licensing regulations for drivers.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Licensing of Drivers) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 483 of 2011)","provision":"Regulation 2(c), substituting Regulation 7 of S.I. No. 537 of 2006, read with Regulation 7(1)(b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2011/si/483/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-licence-0009","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A category D licence holder wants to tow a trailer with a design gross vehicle weight greater than 750 kilograms. What does that combination require?","options":["Category D alone","Category D1","Category DE","No further category, provided the trailer is braked"],"correct":2,"explanation":"A trailer with a design gross vehicle weight greater than 750 kilograms brings the combination into category DE. Category D alone covers the drawing vehicle with a lighter trailer only. Whether the trailer is braked is a separate technical matter and does not replace the category. The source is the licensing regulations for drivers.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Licensing of Drivers) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 483 of 2011)","provision":"Regulation 2(c), substituting Regulation 7 of S.I. No. 537 of 2006, read with Regulation 7(1)(b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2011/si/483/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-licence-0010","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You are under 70 and you are granted a full licence for the bus categories. For how long is that licence granted?","options":["5 years","2 years","3 years","6 years"],"correct":0,"explanation":"A full licence for the bus categories D, DE, D1 and D1E is granted for 5 years where the applicant is less than 70 years of age on the commencement day. The period runs from the commencement day of the licence. The source is the licensing regulations for drivers.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Licensing of Drivers) (Amendment) Regulations 2022 (S.I. No. 53 of 2022)","provision":"Regulation 3, substituting Regulation 10(2) of S.I. No. 537 of 2006","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2022/si/53/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-drink-0001","exams":["D"],"topic":"professional-driver-safety","stem":"You are driving a bus carrying passengers on a scheduled service. As a specified person at work, what is the blood alcohol limit that applies to you?","options":["50 milligrammes of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood for all drivers","20 milligrammes of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood","27 milligrammes of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood","9 milligrammes of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Where the driver of a bus is a specified person, the blood alcohol limit is 20 milligrammes of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. The figure of 50 milligrammes is the general limit for drivers who are not specified persons. The lower figures for urine and breath are separate limits with their own units. The source is the Road Traffic Act 2010.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010)","provision":"Section 4(2)(b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/25/section/4/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-drink-0002","exams":["D"],"topic":"professional-driver-safety","stem":"After being stopped at a checkpoint you provide a urine sample. As the driver of a bus at work, what urine alcohol limit applies to you?","options":["50 milligrammes of alcohol per 100 millilitres of urine","67 milligrammes of alcohol per 100 millilitres of urine for all drivers","20 milligrammes of alcohol per 100 millilitres of urine","27 milligrammes of alcohol per 100 millilitres of urine"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Where the driver of a bus is a specified person, the urine limit is 27 milligrammes of alcohol per 100 millilitres of urine. The figure of 67 milligrammes is the general urine limit for drivers who are not specified persons. The blood and breath limits are separate figures with their own units. The source is the Road Traffic Act 2010.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010)","provision":"Section 4(3)(b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/25/section/4/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-drink-0003","exams":["D"],"topic":"professional-driver-safety","stem":"You are the driver of a bus at work and you provide a breath sample. What is the breath alcohol limit that applies to you?","options":["50 microgrammes of alcohol per 100 millilitres of breath","22 microgrammes of alcohol per 100 millilitres of breath for all drivers","9 microgrammes of alcohol per 100 millilitres of breath","20 microgrammes of alcohol per 100 millilitres of breath"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Where the driver of a bus is a specified person, the breath limit is 9 microgrammes of alcohol per 100 millilitres of breath. The figure of 22 microgrammes is the general breath limit for drivers who are not specified persons. The blood and urine limits are separate figures with their own units. The source is the Road Traffic Act 2010.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010)","provision":"Section 4(4)(b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/25/section/4/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-weights-0001","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"A two axle bus may exceed 18 tonnes but must not exceed which weight?","options":["19.5 tonnes","18 tonnes, the limit for a two axle goods vehicle","25 tonnes, the general limit for a two axle vehicle","28 tonnes"],"correct":0,"explanation":"A two axle bus may exceed 18 tonnes but must not exceed 19.5 tonnes. The higher figures in the list belong to other vehicle combinations and are not the limit for a two axle bus. The figure of 18 tonnes is the point above which the bus may go, not the ceiling. The source is the construction and use regulations for vehicles.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 2003 (S.I. No. 5 of 2003)","provision":"Regulation 9(3), as inserted by Regulation 7 of S.I. No. 320 of 2017","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2017/si/320/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-weights-0002","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"A three axle articulated bus may exceed 25 tonnes but must not exceed which weight?","options":["25 tonnes, the general three axle limit for a bus","28 tonnes","26 tonnes","19.5 tonnes"],"correct":1,"explanation":"A three axle articulated bus may exceed 25 tonnes but must not exceed 28 tonnes. The figure of 25 tonnes is the point above which that vehicle may go, and 26 tonnes belongs to a different rule. The source is the construction and use regulations for vehicles.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 2003 (S.I. No. 5 of 2003)","provision":"Regulation 10(3A), as inserted by Regulation 8(c) of S.I. No. 320 of 2017","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2017/si/320/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-weights-0003","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"When the laden weight of a bus is worked out, how much is each passenger taken to weigh?","options":["55 kilograms","85 kilograms","65 kilograms","75 kilograms"],"correct":2,"explanation":"When the laden weight or axle weight of a large public service vehicle is calculated, the vehicle is taken to carry its full complement of sitting and standing passengers at 65 kilograms each. The figure applies to the passengers the vehicle is designed to carry rather than to the people actually on board. The source is the construction and use regulations for vehicles.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 2003 (S.I. No. 5 of 2003)","provision":"Regulation 22","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2003/si/5/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-weights-0004","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"When the laden weight of a bus with standing passengers is calculated, which passengers are counted?","options":["Only the passengers actually on board at the time of the journey","Only the sitting passengers","Only the passengers on the lower deck","The full complement of sitting and standing passengers"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The calculation takes the vehicle to carry its full complement of sitting and standing passengers, at 65 kilograms each. The actual number of people on board at the time does not change the figure. The source is the construction and use regulations for vehicles.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 2003 (S.I. No. 5 of 2003)","provision":"Regulation 22","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2003/si/5/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-weights-0005","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"A bus is measured to its highest point and the measurement rounds down to 4.65 metres. How does the height rule treat that measurement?","options":["As equal to 4.65 metres and therefore within the limit","As greater than 4.65 metres","As less than 4.65 metres","As exempt from the height limit"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The maximum overall height of a vehicle is 4.65 metres, and a measurement that rounds down to 4.65 metres is treated as greater than 4.65 metres. So the rounding does not bring the vehicle inside the limit. The source is the construction and use regulations for vehicles.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 2003 (S.I. No. 5 of 2003)","provision":"Regulation 36(1)(a) and (b), as substituted by Regulation 2 of S.I. No. 366 of 2008","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/366/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-weights-0008","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"You are checking a bus speed limitation device before a journey. What shows that the sealing requirement is met?","options":["The seals are intact and were applied by an authorised sealer","The seals are intact and were applied by the driver","The seals have been removed so the set speed can be checked","The device is sealed by any garage, provided that the seals are new and unbroken"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The duty is met where the device has been sealed by an authorised sealer with the seals intact, or where an approved device fitted during manufacture was sealed by the manufacturer with the seals intact. The set speed and the sealer details must also appear on the plate in the driver's compartment. A driver or any garage cannot stand in for the authorised sealer. The source is the speed limitation device regulations.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Installation and Use of Speed Limitation Devices in Motor Vehicles) Regulations 2005 (S.I. No. 831 of 2005)","provision":"Regulation 5(3) and Regulation 6","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2005/si/831/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-weights-0009","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"The speed limiter rules do not apply to a passenger vehicle that by construction cannot exceed which speed?","options":["65 kilometres per hour","80 kilometres per hour","100 kilometres per hour","50 kilometres per hour"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The speed limitation device rules do not apply to a passenger vehicle that by construction cannot exceed 100 kilometres per hour. The lower figures in the list are speed limits for buses and other vehicles rather than this construction threshold. The source is the speed limitation device regulations.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Installation and Use of Speed Limitation Devices in Motor Vehicles) Regulations 2005 (S.I. No. 831 of 2005)","provision":"Regulation 3(2)(b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2005/si/831/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-checks-0001","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"A passenger vehicle has more than 8 seats excluding the driver's seat and its design speed is above 25 kilometres per hour. Does the commercial vehicle roadworthiness test apply to it?","options":["No, because it is not a goods vehicle","Only if it is used outside the State","Only if it weighs more than 3.5 tonnes and carries passengers for reward","Yes, because it is a passenger vehicle of category M2 or M3"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The commercial vehicle roadworthiness test applies to vehicles with more than 8 seats excluding the driver's seat that are used to carry passengers, in categories M2 and M3, where the design speed exceeds 25 kilometres per hour. The test is not limited to goods vehicles and does not depend on use outside the State. The source is the commercial vehicle roadworthiness testing regulations.","source":{"instrument":"Commercial Vehicle Roadworthiness (Vehicle Testing) (No. 2) Regulations 2013 (S.I. No. 347 of 2013)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a), as substituted by Regulation 4 of S.I. No. 117 of 2018","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2018/si/117/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-checks-0002","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"Which passenger vehicles come within the commercial vehicle roadworthiness test?","options":["Only vehicles with more than 16 seats that are used to carry passengers on scheduled routes","Passenger vehicles with more than 8 seats excluding the driver's seat and a design speed above 25 kilometres per hour","Only vehicles used on scheduled routes","All passenger vehicles, whatever their design speed, weight or seating layout"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The test covers passenger vehicles in categories M2 and M3 with more than 8 seats excluding the driver's seat and a design speed over 25 kilometres per hour. It is not limited to scheduled routes or to the largest buses. A vehicle whose design speed is at or below that figure is outside this test. The source is the commercial vehicle roadworthiness testing regulations.","source":{"instrument":"Commercial Vehicle Roadworthiness (Vehicle Testing) (No. 2) Regulations 2013 (S.I. No. 347 of 2013)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a), as substituted by Regulation 4 of S.I. No. 117 of 2018","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2018/si/117/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-checks-0003","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"Your bus is presented for its periodic roadworthiness test. Which item is inspected as part of that test?","options":["The weights and dimensions authorisation plate","The driving licence card and the Driver CPC card","The tachograph record sheets and the driver's card for the same period","The operator's insurance certificate"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The periodic test on categories M2, M3, N2, N3, O3 and O4 includes an inspection of the weights and dimensions authorisation plate required by the construction regulations. The driver's documents and the operator's insurance are handled separately. The source is the commercial vehicle roadworthiness testing regulations.","source":{"instrument":"Commercial Vehicle Roadworthiness (Vehicle Testing) (No. 2) Regulations 2013 (S.I. No. 347 of 2013)","provision":"Regulation 16(1)(b), as amended by S.I. No. 117 of 2018","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2018/si/117/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-checks-0004","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"Before you drive a bus in a public place, what does the daily inspection rule require you to do?","options":["Check only the tyres and the lights","Start the engine and drive a short distance to test the brakes","Inspect the interior and walk around the outside","Ask a colleague to complete a check sheet on your behalf before departure"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Before a commercial vehicle is driven in a public place, a person must inspect the interior and walk around the outside and inspect the vehicle. A partial check or a colleague's signature does not meet the rule. The source is the vehicle maintenance and repair regulations.","source":{"instrument":"Road Safety Authority (Commercial Vehicle Roadworthiness) (Vehicle Maintenance and Repair) Regulations 2013 (S.I. No. 348 of 2013)","provision":"Regulation 8(1) and (2), Regulation 8(3), Regulation 8(5) and Schedule 1, Regulation 8(6) and (7)(a)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2013/si/348/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-checks-0005","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"You inspected your bus this morning. A colleague drives the same bus six hours later. Does the second driver have to inspect it again under the same rule?","options":["Yes, every driver must carry out the full inspection before driving the vehicle","Yes, whenever the bus is going to carry passengers","No, because the bus was inspected in the same depot","No, the same vehicle need not be inspected again within 24 hours"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The daily inspection rule does not require the same vehicle to be inspected again within 24 hours. So a second driver taking over the same vehicle during that period does not repeat the full check under this rule. The rule sits alongside the driver's own duty to be satisfied that the vehicle is fit to drive. The source is the vehicle maintenance and repair regulations.","source":{"instrument":"Road Safety Authority (Commercial Vehicle Roadworthiness) (Vehicle Maintenance and Repair) Regulations 2013 (S.I. No. 348 of 2013)","provision":"Regulation 8(1) and (2), Regulation 8(3), Regulation 8(5) and Schedule 1, Regulation 8(6) and (7)(a)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2013/si/348/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-checks-0006","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"The daily inspection items are set out in groups in the check schedule. How are those groups described?","options":["Brakes, lights and mirrors","In cab, exterior and engine running","Tyres, doors and seats","Fuel, oil, water, tyres, lights and mirrors"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The items in the inspection schedule fall into the in cab group, the exterior group and the engine running group, so far as they apply to the vehicle. The schedule covers the check a driver carries out before driving, not a service or a repair. The source is the vehicle maintenance and repair regulations.","source":{"instrument":"Road Safety Authority (Commercial Vehicle Roadworthiness) (Vehicle Maintenance and Repair) Regulations 2013 (S.I. No. 348 of 2013)","provision":"Regulation 8(1) and (2), Regulation 8(3), Regulation 8(5) and Schedule 1, Regulation 8(6) and (7)(a)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2013/si/348/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-checks-0007","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"You find a defect that would make the bus a danger to drive. What does the rule require you to do?","options":["Tell the owner as soon as practicable, stop at a safe place and not drive on","Drive slowly back to the depot with the passengers on board","Note the defect and report it at the end of the shift","Continue the journey if the passengers are already on board and report it at the end of the journey"],"correct":0,"explanation":"A driver who finds a defect must tell the owner as soon as practicable, stop at a safe place and not drive on where the defect would make the vehicle a danger. The passengers being on board does not change that duty, and a note at the end of the shift is too late. The source is the vehicle maintenance and repair regulations.","source":{"instrument":"Road Safety Authority (Commercial Vehicle Roadworthiness) (Vehicle Maintenance and Repair) Regulations 2013 (S.I. No. 348 of 2013)","provision":"Regulation 8(1) and (2), Regulation 8(3), Regulation 8(5) and Schedule 1, Regulation 8(6) and (7)(a)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2013/si/348/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-checks-0008","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"Who must keep the bus in a roadworthy condition, and for how long must the inspection and repair records be kept?","options":["The driver, and the records for at least 6 months after the journey","The owner, and the records for at least 1 year","The owner, and the records for at least 2 years","The driver, and the records for at least 5 years"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The owner must maintain the vehicle in a roadworthy condition, and the inspection, maintenance and repair records must be kept for at least 2 years. The duty to keep the vehicle roadworthy does not rest on the driver alone, and a shorter record period would not meet the rule. The source is the vehicle maintenance and repair regulations and the roadworthiness Act.","source":{"instrument":"Road Safety Authority (Commercial Vehicle Roadworthiness) Act 2012 (No. 16 of 2012) and Road Safety Authority (Commercial Vehicle Roadworthiness) (Vehicle Maintenance and Repair) Regulations 2013 (S.I. No. 348 of 2013)","provision":"Section 30(1) and (2); Regulation 5 and Regulation 10(3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2013/si/348/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-checks-0009","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"For how long must the owner keep the bus inspection, maintenance and repair records?","options":["At least 6 months after the journey ends","At least 1 year","At least 5 years","At least 2 years"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The owner must keep the inspection, maintenance and repair records for at least 2 years. The records show how the vehicle has been maintained and are separate from the vehicle's test certificate. The source is the vehicle maintenance and repair regulations and the roadworthiness Act.","source":{"instrument":"Road Safety Authority (Commercial Vehicle Roadworthiness) Act 2012 (No. 16 of 2012) and Road Safety Authority (Commercial Vehicle Roadworthiness) (Vehicle Maintenance and Repair) Regulations 2013 (S.I. No. 348 of 2013)","provision":"Section 30(1) and (2); Regulation 5 and Regulation 10(3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2013/si/348/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-checks-0010","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"A roadside inspector stops your bus for a check. What does the initial inspection include?","options":["A visual assessment and a check of the certificate and inspection report","A test drive on a public road with the inspector sitting in the cab beside you","A check of the tachograph record and the driver's cards for the current week","A brake test on every axle of the vehicle and a download of the tachograph"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The initial inspection includes at least one of a visual assessment, a check of the certificate and any inspection report no older than three months, and a check that earlier defects were rectified. A tachograph check and a full brake test are separate matters from this stage. The source is the roadworthiness roadside enforcement regulations.","source":{"instrument":"Commercial Vehicle Roadworthiness (Roadside Enforcement) Regulations 2018 (S.I. No. 161 of 2018)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a), (b) and (c) and Regulation 4(4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2018/si/161/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-checks-0011","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"After the initial roadside inspection, what may the inspector go on to check in a more detailed inspection?","options":["The passenger seating layout and the number of seats fitted","The safety of the brakes, tyres, wheels and chassis","The operator's accounts and insurance","The driver's Driver CPC card"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The more detailed inspection covers the items the inspector considers necessary, in particular the safety of the brakes, tyres, wheels and chassis. Seating layout, accounts and the driver's CPC card are not the subject of this stage of the check. The source is the roadworthiness roadside enforcement regulations.","source":{"instrument":"Commercial Vehicle Roadworthiness (Roadside Enforcement) Regulations 2018 (S.I. No. 161 of 2018)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a), (b) and (c) and Regulation 4(4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2018/si/161/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-checks-0012","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"A tyre on your bus is illegal where its main grooves are less than what depth throughout a continuous band around the circumference?","options":["1 millimetre","1.5 millimetres","2 millimetres","1.6 millimetres"],"correct":3,"explanation":"A tyre is illegal where its main grooves are less than 1.6 millimetres deep throughout a continuous band around the circumference. The depth is measured across the whole band, not at a single point. The source is the construction and use regulations for vehicles.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 2003 (S.I. No. 5 of 2003)","provision":"Regulation 55(1)(f) and (g)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2003/si/5/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-checks-0013","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"Which tyre fault makes a tyre illegal on a bus?","options":["A cut longer than 10 millimetres anywhere in the tread pattern","A cut of any length that does not reach the ply or cord","A cut over 25 millimetres that reaches the ply or cord","A cut in the sidewall that has been repaired"],"correct":2,"explanation":"A tyre is illegal if it has a cut over 25 millimetres or more than 10 per cent of the section width reaching the ply or cord. The other faults in the rule include a wrongly inflated or unsuitable tyre, a lump, bulge or tear, and ply or cord exposed. A short cut that does not reach the cord is not the fault the rule names. The source is the construction and use regulations for vehicles.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 2003 (S.I. No. 5 of 2003)","provision":"Regulation 55(1)(a) to (e) and (h)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2003/si/5/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-checks-0014","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"What does the rule require of the pneumatic tyres fitted to an axle on a bus?","options":["They must be able to carry the design axle weight","They must all be of the same brand and the same structure on the vehicle","They must all be of the same age","They must be inflated to the maximum pressure marked on the sidewall"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Pneumatic tyres on an axle must be capable of carrying the maximum design axle weight, and tyres of a different structure must not be fitted to the same axle. Brand, age and maximum inflation are not the tests the rule sets. The source is the construction and use regulations for vehicles.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 2003 (S.I. No. 5 of 2003)","provision":"Regulations 53 and 54(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2003/si/5/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-checks-0015","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"Every mechanically propelled vehicle used in a public place must have which braking systems?","options":["A service brake and a parking brake only","A service brake, an emergency brake and a parking brake","An emergency brake only","A service brake, an anti-lock braking system and a parking brake"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Every mechanically propelled vehicle used in a public place must have a service brake, an emergency brake and a parking brake. The service brake must act on axles carrying at least three quarters of the laden weight. An anti-lock system is not one of the three braking systems the rule requires. The source is the construction, equipment and use regulations for vehicles.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Articles 40(1) and 43(2); Second Schedule, paragraph 6","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15a-checks-0017","exams":["D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"What braking ratio must the parking brake of a bus give?","options":["At least 12 per cent of the maximum authorised mass or 16 per cent of the combination mass, whichever is less","At least 16 per cent of the maximum authorised combination mass","The greater of 16 per cent of the authorised mass and 12 per cent of the combination mass","At least 25 per cent of the maximum authorised mass in every case"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The parking brake must give a braking ratio of at least 16 per cent of the maximum authorised mass or 12 per cent of the maximum authorised combination mass, whichever is greater. The higher of the two figures is the one that must be met, so an answer that keeps only one of them is incomplete. The source is the roadworthiness testing Directive.","source":{"instrument":"Directive 2014/45/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 on periodic roadworthiness tests for motor vehicles and their trailers","provision":"Annex I, item 1.4.2","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u15b-belts-0001","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"seats-and-belts","stem":"You drive a coach with belts fitted and a child aged four is sitting in a belted seat. Which rule applies?","options":["The child must wear the belt or use an appropriate child restraint","The child may travel without a belt if an adult holds the child on a lap","The child needs a belt only on a motorway journey","Belts do not apply to a child of that age on a coach"],"correct":0,"explanation":"On a bus or coach of category M2 or M3 with belts fitted, every adult and every child aged 3 or over occupying a seat must wear a safety belt or an appropriate child restraint. Holding a child on a lap does not replace a belt or a restraint, and the duty is not limited to motorway travel.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Compulsory Use of Safety Belts and Child Restraint Systems in Motor Vehicles) Regulations 2006 (S.I. No. 240 of 2006)","provision":"Regulation 9(1) and (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2006/si/240/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-belts-0002","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"seats-and-belts","stem":"On a bus of category M2 or M3 with belts fitted, who must wear a safety belt or an appropriate child restraint?","options":["Only adults, because a parent is fully responsible for a child on a coach","Only children under 3","Only the passengers in the front rows","Every adult and every child aged 3 or over occupying a seat"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Where belts are fitted on a bus or coach of category M2 or M3, every adult and every child aged 3 or over occupying a seat must wear a safety belt or an appropriate child restraint. The duty does not turn on who is responsible for the child or on where the passenger is seated.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Compulsory Use of Safety Belts and Child Restraint Systems in Motor Vehicles) Regulations 2006 (S.I. No. 240 of 2006)","provision":"Regulation 9(1) and (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2006/si/240/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-belts-0007","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"seats-and-belts","stem":"You want to be sure that the passengers on your coach have been told about the belt rule before the journey. Which method counts as informing them?","options":["A notice placed on the depot notice board","A message sent to the operator's office","A note printed on the ticket only","A sign at each belted seating position"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The rule recognises five ways of informing passengers: an announcement by the driver or conductor, an announcement by the courier, escort, group leader or supervisor accompanying a single group, an audio visual presentation, a sign at each belted seating position, and a pictogram in the prescribed form at each belted seating position. A depot notice, a message to the operator and a note on the ticket are not among them.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Compulsory Use of Safety Belts and Child Restraint Systems in Motor Vehicles) Regulations 2006 (S.I. No. 240 of 2006)","provision":"Regulation 10(3)(a) to (e)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2006/si/240/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-belts-0008","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"seats-and-belts","stem":"You carry a single group on a coach and the group leader tells the group about the belt rule. Does that count as informing the passengers?","options":["No, because only an audio visual presentation counts for a group","Yes, an announcement by the group leader is one of the recognised methods","No, because only the driver may inform passengers on a coach","Yes, but only where the driver repeats the announcement"],"correct":1,"explanation":"An announcement by the courier, escort, group leader or supervisor accompanying a single group is one of the recognised ways of informing passengers. It is separate from the announcement by the driver or conductor, so a service that relies on the driver alone leaves one method unused.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Compulsory Use of Safety Belts and Child Restraint Systems in Motor Vehicles) Regulations 2006 (S.I. No. 240 of 2006)","provision":"Regulation 10(3)(a) to (e)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2006/si/240/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0001","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"A single deck bus must have at least how many exits, and where must they be?","options":["At least one exit on the left side","At least two exits on the same side of the vehicle","A single wide exit at the rear, which serves both sides of the vehicle","At least two exits on different sides of the vehicle"],"correct":3,"explanation":"A single deck large public service vehicle, and the lower deck of a double deck one, must have at least two exits on different sides. One exit, two exits on the same side, or one wide exit at the rear does not meet the rule, because at least two exits must be provided on different sides.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 69(1), (2), (3), (4) and (5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0002","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"A single deck bus has accommodation for more than 35 passengers and its two exits are close together. What does the construction rule require?","options":["A wider entrance door","A second driver on board","Nothing extra, because two exits are already provided","An additional exit"],"correct":3,"explanation":"An additional exit is required where the accommodation exceeds 35 passengers and the two exits are close together. Widening a door or carrying a second driver does not meet that requirement, and the two exits already provided are not enough on their own.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 69(1), (2), (3), (4) and (5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0003","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"What must a double deck bus have on its upper deck?","options":["A second staircase","An emergency exit","A separate driver's position","A passenger lift"],"correct":1,"explanation":"An emergency exit must be provided on the upper deck of a double deck vehicle. The lower deck already carries the two exits required of a single deck vehicle. A second staircase, a driver's position or a lift is not what the rule requires there.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 69(1), (2), (3), (4) and (5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0004","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"You drive a city service and a passenger tries to leave by the exit door while the bus is at a stop. What must that door be capable of?","options":["From the outside only","Only by the driver from the cab","From inside and outside by one operation of the locking mechanism","Only while the bus is stationary"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Every entrance and exit door must be capable of being opened from inside and outside by one operation of the locking mechanism. A door that opens from one side only, only from the cab, or only when the bus is stopped does not meet the rule.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 71(1), (2), (6), (7) and (8)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0005","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"The power door system on your bus fails. What must the apparatus allow?","options":["The doors to stay closed until a mechanic arrives","The driver to open the doors from the cab only","Manual opening of the doors from both sides","The passengers to break the glass beside the door"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Where the power door apparatus fails, it must be possible to open the doors manually from both sides. Leaving the doors closed until a mechanic arrives or relying on the cab control would leave passengers unable to leave, and breaking glass is not the manual opening the rule requires.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 71(1), (2), (6), (7) and (8)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0006","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"You are checking a coach with folding doors at the depot. Why must those doors have fastenings?","options":["To lock the bus at night","To hold the emergency exit sign in place above the door at all times","To keep the luggage area secure","To stop the door closing with the movement of the vehicle"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Fastenings are required on sliding and folding doors so that they do not close with the movement of the vehicle. Locking the bus at night, holding a sign in place and keeping luggage secure are not the purpose of that rule.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 71(1), (2), (6), (7) and (8)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0007","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"What does the rule say about a door and clear access to an entrance or exit?","options":["A door may obstruct access while the bus is standing at a stop for passengers","No door may obstruct clear access to an entrance or exit","Only the rear door must be kept clear","Access may be blocked while passengers are boarding"],"correct":1,"explanation":"No door may obstruct clear access to an entrance or exit. The rule applies at all times, so a stop at a bus stop or the movement of boarding passengers does not create an exception.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 71(1), (2), (6), (7) and (8)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0008","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"You check the emergency exits on a school bus before a school run. What must be clearly indicated for each of them?","options":["The means of operating it","The seat number nearest to it","The name of the operator","The route number of the service"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The means of operation of every emergency exit must be clearly indicated, so that a passenger can see how to open it. The nearest seat number, the operator's name and the route number are not that marking.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 72(1), (2), (4) and (5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0009","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"You show a new driver the emergency exit on a coach before a tour departs. How must that exit be presented?","options":["Marked on the inside only","Kept locked except in an emergency","Clearly marked as an emergency exit inside and outside, and easily accessible to passengers","Marked with the operator's name instead"],"correct":2,"explanation":"An emergency exit must be clearly marked as such inside and outside the vehicle and must be easily accessible to passengers. A marking on one side only, a locked exit or the operator's name in place of the marking does not meet the rule.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 72(1), (2), (4) and (5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0010","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"A mechanic shows you an emergency exit on a coach you are collecting for a tour. In which direction must its doors open?","options":["Inwards, towards the gangway","Sideways, across the doorway","Either way, depending on the model","Outwards, away from the vehicle"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The doors of an emergency exit must open outwards. An inward opening exit could be blocked by passengers pressing towards it, and the rule does not leave the direction to the vehicle model.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 72(1), (2), (4) and (5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0011","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"May an emergency exit on a bus be fitted with power operation?","options":["No, an emergency exit must not be fitted with power operation","Yes, provided the driver controls it from the cab and can see the door","Yes, on a double deck vehicle only","Yes, provided a manual handle is also fitted"],"correct":0,"explanation":"An emergency exit must not be fitted with power operation, so that it can be opened by hand when it is needed. Control from the cab, the type of vehicle or an extra manual handle does not change that prohibition.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 72(1), (2), (4) and (5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0012","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"From every seat on a bus there must be unobstructed access to how many exits?","options":["At least one exit, whatever the vehicle","At least three exits","At least two exits on the upper deck","At least two exits, or to one where only one is required"],"correct":3,"explanation":"There must be unobstructed access from every seat to at least two exits, or to one exit where only one is required. A route to a single exit in every case, or a route to exits on one deck only, does not meet the rule.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 73(1), (2) and (3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0013","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"You do a walk around check on a rural route bus at the depot before it goes out. Where must a grab handle be fitted?","options":["At the rear window only","At each entrance or exit other than an emergency exit","Beside every passenger seat and at the driver's position","On the driver's door only"],"correct":1,"explanation":"A grab handle must be fitted at each entrance or exit, other than an emergency exit, to help passengers board and leave. The handle is tied to the doorways, not to every seat or to the driver's door.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 73(1), (2) and (3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0014","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"You collect a new bus at the depot for an airport transfer service. What does the construction rule require of each passenger seat?","options":["A padded head rest on every seat","Adequate dimensions, a closed or continuous back rest and firmly fixed supports","An arm rest on every seat along the gangway","A seat belt on every seat, whatever the route"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Each seat must be of adequate dimensions with a closed or continuous back rest of adequate size and firmly fixed supports. A head rest, an arm rest or a belt is not what this rule requires.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 75(1) and (3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0015","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"A seat on a bus is placed so that a passenger could be thrown through an exit. What must protect that seat?","options":["A warning sign beside the seat","A padded cover on the seat back","A seat belt fitted to the seat","An effective screen or guard"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Where a seat is placed so that a passenger could be thrown through an exit, down a stairway or through an entrance, an effective screen or guard must protect it. A sign, a padded cover or a belt does not shield the seat from that risk.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 75(1) and (3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0016","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"What must the design of a bus provide for the driver?","options":["A separate rest area behind the driver's seat","A second seat for a relief driver","A rear view camera covering the upper deck","Adequate room, with the controls easy to reach and quick to operate"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The vehicle must be designed so that the driver has adequate room and can easily reach and quickly operate the controls. Where interior lighting would interfere with the driver's view, means must also be provided to stop that interference.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 76(1), (4) and (5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0017","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"On a bus with accommodation for more than 14 persons, what does the rule require of the driver's seat?","options":["It must be adjustable and lock in the chosen position","It must be removable when the bus is being serviced in the depot","It must face the passengers during the journey","It must have a belt and nothing more"],"correct":0,"explanation":"On a vehicle with accommodation for more than 14 persons, the driver's seat must be adjustable and must lock in the chosen position. A removable seat, a seat facing the passengers or a belt alone does not meet that requirement.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 76(1), (4) and (5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0018","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"You take delivery of a new bus at the depot for a rural route. How must the passenger accommodation be marked?","options":["Clearly marked inside the lower deck and outside on the rear or the left side","On the outside of the vehicle only","Above every passenger seat on the lower deck","On the driver's door beside the operator name"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The passenger accommodation of the vehicle, and of each deck, must be clearly marked inside the lower deck and outside on the rear or the left side. An outside marking alone, a marking above each seat or a mark on the driver's door does not satisfy the rule.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 77(1) and (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0019","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"You look at a coach parked at a bus station. Where must the name and address of the operator be shown?","options":["On the glass of the back window","Inside the vehicle near the driver","Clearly inscribed on the outside on the left side in a conspicuous position","On the front number plate bracket"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The name and address of the operator must be clearly inscribed on the outside of the vehicle on the left side in a conspicuous position. The back window, the interior near the driver and the front number plate bracket are not the place the rule names.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 77(1) and (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0020","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"What must be maintained in clean and good condition on a bus?","options":["The engine compartment only","The driver's cab only","The outside and inside of the body, and all windows, fittings and seats for passengers","The luggage area only"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The outside and inside of the body, and all windows, fittings and seats for passengers, must be maintained in clean and good condition. The requirement covers what passengers see and use, not one part of the vehicle alone.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 78(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0021","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"What must every large public service vehicle carry for use in a fire?","options":["A fire extinguisher in a locked locker at the rear","A fire blanket in the luggage area","A bucket of sand beside the driver","Suitable and efficient fire extinguishing apparatus in a position where it is immediately available"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Every large public service vehicle must carry suitable and efficient fire extinguishing apparatus in a position where it is immediately available. Apparatus locked away, stored in the luggage area or kept as loose sand is not what the rule requires.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 79(1) and (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0022","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"An omnibus runs on a scheduled route that falls within the exception in the equipment rule. What does the exception concern?","options":["The fire extinguishing apparatus","The passenger seat belts","The wheel raising apparatus and the first aid receptacle","The emergency exits"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Every large public service vehicle must carry fire extinguishing apparatus. The exception for an omnibus on a scheduled short route applies only to the apparatus able to raise a wheel clear of the ground and the first aid receptacle holding the listed dressings and appliances. It does not reach the fire extinguishing apparatus, the seat belts or the emergency exits.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 79(1) and (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0023","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"A bus is not at a peak time and it is carrying no young children. What is the limit on the number of passengers it may carry?","options":["The number of seats fitted to the vehicle","The number must not exceed the number for which passenger accommodation is provided","The number set by the driver for that journey","One hundred passengers on any bus"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The number of passengers carried must not exceed the number for which passenger accommodation is provided. That figure is the accommodation the vehicle is designed and marked for, so it can be greater than the number of seats when standing is provided. A driver, a timetable or a fixed figure does not set the limit.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 80(1), (2) and (3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0024","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"Three or more children under 15 are carried on a bus. How are they counted towards the accommodation limit?","options":["They count as one half of that number","They count as one quarter of that number","They count as two thirds of that number","They do not count at all"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Three or more children under 15 count as two thirds of that number towards the accommodation limit. Counting them in full, halving them, quartering them or ignoring them would not match the rule for a group of children.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 80(1), (2) and (3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0025","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"At a peak time a single deck omnibus may carry extra passengers. What is the greatest number of extra passengers allowed?","options":["The lesser of 12 passengers or one half of its accommodation","The lesser of 8 or one quarter of its accommodation","Eight passengers in all cases","One quarter of its accommodation in all cases"],"correct":1,"explanation":"At a peak time a single deck omnibus may carry extra passengers up to the lesser of 8 or one quarter of its accommodation. The smaller of the two limits applies, so neither part of the rule can be read on its own and a fixed figure of eight is wrong.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 80(1), (2) and (3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0026","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"Extra passengers carried at a peak time may never be carried in which situation?","options":["On the upper deck of a double deck vehicle","On the lower deck of a double deck vehicle","On a rural route with a light load","On a journey shorter than 50 kilometres"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Extra passengers at a peak time may never be carried on the upper deck, never where the accommodation is for fewer than 15 persons, and never while the omnibus is exceeding the speed the rule names. The lower deck, the type of route and the length of the journey are not the limits the rule uses.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 80(1), (2) and (3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0027","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"You carry standing passengers on your bus. Does that breach the rule that entrances, exits and gangways must be kept clear?","options":["Yes, standing passengers always obstruct the gangway","Yes, unless the journey is a short one","No, standing passengers are not treated as an obstruction for this rule","No, but only while the bus is stationary"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Every entrance, exit and gangway must be kept clear of obstruction while passengers are carried, and standing passengers are not treated as an obstruction for that rule. Bags, buggies and loose items are the kind of thing the rule is aimed at, and the position does not change while the bus is moving.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 81","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0028","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"What does the construction rule require of a bus in general?","options":["It must be properly constructed of suitable materials and be suitable for carrying passengers","It must be under a certain age to be used","It must have a toilet for long journeys","It must have air conditioning for the passengers"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Every vehicle must be properly constructed of suitable materials and be suitable for carrying passengers. An age limit, a toilet or air conditioning is not part of this construction requirement.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 67(1) and (4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0029","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"You are on a coach tour and a passenger asks about fresh air with the windows kept closed. What does the ventilation rule require on the bus?","options":["Ventilation may depend on the windows being open while the bus is moving","Ventilation is required only in the summer months","Adequate ventilation must be possible without opening windows","Ventilation depends on the driver's choice"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Adequate ventilation must be possible without opening the windows, so the air can be kept fresh when the windows must stay closed. The season of the year and the driver's preference do not change that requirement.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 67(1) and (4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0030","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"On a bus with accommodation for more than 14 persons, what must be provided for passengers on any deck?","options":["Efficient means to signal to the driver when necessary","A telephone at each passenger seat linked directly to the driver's cab","A bell at the front of the vehicle only","A sign at the rear of the vehicle"],"correct":0,"explanation":"On a vehicle with accommodation for more than 14 persons, efficient means must be provided so that passengers on any deck can signal to the driver when necessary. A telephone at each seat, a bell at the front only or a sign does not give passengers on every deck that means.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 67(5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0031","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"You inspect a school bus before a school run. Where must non-slip treads be fitted?","options":["On the driver's step only","On the outer edge of any rear platform and of every step of every doorway","On the top step of each doorway only","On the floor inside the doors"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Non-slip treads must be fitted to the outer edge of any rear platform and of every step of every doorway. A tread on the driver's step, on the top step only or on the floor inside the doors does not meet the rule, which follows every step a passenger uses.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 68(1)(b) and (2)(a)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-exits-0032","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","lesson":"standing-and-exits","stem":"You are at a bus station checking a double deck bus before an airport transfer. What must every step between the decks have?","options":["Non-slip treads and closed risers","A hand rail on one side of the staircase","A warning sign beside the staircase","An emergency light above the step"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Every step between the decks of a double deck vehicle must have non-slip treads and closed risers. Closed risers stop a shoe or an item catching on the open face of the step, and a hand rail, a sign or a light is not what the rule requires of the steps themselves.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 68(1)(b) and (2)(a)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-lanes-0001","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You drive a city service bus and a colleague asks who else may use the with-flow bus lane during its hours. Which vehicles may enter it?","options":["A large public service vehicle only","A large public service vehicle, a pedal cycle, an e-moped or an electric scooter, and a taxi used in the course of business","Any vehicle carrying two or more people","Any vehicle that is overtaking a cyclist in the lane"],"correct":1,"explanation":"A with-flow bus lane may be entered during its hours by a large public service vehicle, a pedal cycle, an e-moped or an electric scooter, and a taxi or wheelchair accessible taxi used in the course of business. The lane is not reserved for buses alone, and it is not open to every vehicle with passengers on board.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 32(1), (2), (3) and (5)(b)(i), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-lanes-0002","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which vehicle may not enter a contra-flow bus lane during its hours?","options":["A pedal cycle","A large public service vehicle","A private car","An electric scooter"],"correct":2,"explanation":"A contra-flow bus lane may be entered by a large public service vehicle, a pedal cycle, an e-moped or an electric scooter. A private car is not among them. The taxi exception that applies to a with-flow lane does not apply to a contra-flow lane.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 32(1), (2), (3) and (5)(b)(i), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-lanes-0003","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You park your bus where the except buses plate applies. How long may you park there?","options":["No more than 30 minutes","No more than two hours","No more than one hour","There is no time limit for a large public service vehicle"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Where the except buses plate is provided, a vehicle other than a large public service vehicle may not park there and a large public service vehicle may park for no more than one hour. The plate does not give a bus unlimited parking or a two hour stay.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 37(3)(a), (b) and (c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-lanes-0004","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"After leaving a parking place where the except buses plate applies, when may you return to that part of the roadway while the restriction applies?","options":["Not within an hour of leaving","After 15 minutes","After 45 minutes","At any time, because you drive a large public service vehicle"],"correct":0,"explanation":"A large public service vehicle may park at the except buses plate for no more than one hour and may not return to that part of the roadway within an hour of leaving while the restriction applies. The restriction stops a bus from holding the same place all day by moving off and back again.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 37(3)(a), (b) and (c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-lanes-0005","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What is the parking rule for a contra-flow bus lane and a with-flow bus lane?","options":["A vehicle may not park in a contra-flow bus lane at any time, or in a with-flow bus lane during the hours the lane operates","A vehicle may park in a contra-flow bus lane when the lane is not in use","A vehicle may park in a with-flow bus lane for up to one hour during its hours","A vehicle may park in either lane while the driver stays with the vehicle"],"correct":0,"explanation":"A vehicle may not park in a contra-flow bus lane at any time, or in a with-flow bus lane during the hours the lane operates. The lane being empty, a short stay or the driver staying with the vehicle does not create an exception.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 39(1) and (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article39","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-lanes-0006","exams":["D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You see the school entrance stopping prohibition marking on a section of roadway. What does it mean?","options":["You may stop there to set down school children","You may not stop or park on that section","You may park there for up to one hour","You may stop there outside school hours"],"correct":1,"explanation":"A vehicle may not be stopped or parked on a section of roadway where the school entrance stopping prohibition marking is provided. Setting down a child, parking for a short time or stopping outside school hours does not meet the rule.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 41(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article41","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u15b-school-0001","exams":["D"],"topic":"bus-passengers","stem":"A vehicle is licensed under the public service vehicle regulations and is being used to carry school children under that licence. What is the effect of the exemption?","options":["The vehicle needs no roadworthiness test of any kind","The large public service vehicle construction articles about carrying passengers do not apply to it while it is used for that purpose","The driver does not need a driving licence for the vehicle","The seat belt rules do not apply to the passengers on board"],"correct":1,"explanation":"While a vehicle licensed under the public service vehicle regulations is being used to carry school children under that licence, the construction articles in the large public service vehicle part that deal with carrying passengers do not apply to it. The exemption is limited to that use, so it does not remove the roadworthiness test, the driving licence requirement or the belt rules.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 82(2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0011","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"At the approach end of an obstruction in the traffic stream, this sign faces you. What does it mean?","options":["A mini-roundabout ahead","Turn left here","Keep to the left of the sign","No entry for vehicles"],"explanation":"The picture shows the keep left sign. It is a mandatory sign in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025. Regulation 4(1) says a blue mandatory disc shows the direction or route traffic must take, and this one sends traffic to the left of it.","correct":2,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 001","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-001-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0012","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which of the four signs tells traffic to keep left?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign A is the keep left sign. It is a mandatory sign in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025. Regulation 4(1) says a blue mandatory disc shows the direction or route traffic must take, and this one sends traffic to the left of it.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-001-eisb.png","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-020.svg","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-060.svg","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-026a.svg","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":0,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 001"},{"id":"u16-sign-0021","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Where the traffic stream splits around an island, this sign stands at the near end. What message does it give?","options":["Turn left here","Keep straight ahead","Yield right of way to traffic on the major road ahead","Keep to the right of the sign"],"explanation":"This is the keep right sign. Regulation 4(1) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 makes a blue mandatory disc show the direction or route traffic must take. This one, listed in Part 1 of Schedule 1, sends traffic to the right of it.","correct":3,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 002","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-002-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0031","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Ahead, a splitter island divides the traffic stream and this sign stands at its near end. How do you read this sign?","options":["Turn left at the junction ahead","Yield right of way to traffic on the major road ahead","No entry for vehicles","You may pass the sign on either side"],"explanation":"You are looking at the pass either side sign. Listed in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, it is a mandatory sign under Regulation 4(1) and shows that traffic may go by on the left or on the right.","correct":3,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 003","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-003-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0042","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"One of these signs tells traffic to keep straight ahead. Which one?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign D is the keep straight ahead sign. Under Regulation 4(1) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 a mandatory sign shows the route traffic must take, and this one, in Part 1 of Schedule 1, requires traffic to go straight on rather than turn.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-016.svg","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-070-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-046.svg","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-004-eisb.png","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":3,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 004"},{"id":"u16-sign-0043","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Because of this sign, what must you do?","options":["Turn right at the junction ahead","Yield to traffic on the major road ahead","Go straight ahead","Keep to the left of the sign"],"explanation":"The keep straight ahead sign is a mandatory sign under Regulation 4(1) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, listed in Part 1 of Schedule 1. It requires traffic to go straight on. Keeping left, turning right further on and yielding are what other signs ask for.","correct":2,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 004","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-004-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0051","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which of these matches this sign?","options":["Turn right here","Keep to the left of the sign","A track shared by pedestrians and cyclists","Vehicles must not be parked here"],"explanation":"The picture shows the turn right sign. It is a mandatory sign in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025. Regulation 4(1) says such a sign shows the direction traffic must take, which here is a right turn where the sign stands.","correct":0,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 005","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-005-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0062","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Choose the sign that tells traffic to turn left where the sign stands.","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign A is the turn left sign. Under Regulation 4(1) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, this mandatory sign from Part 1 of Schedule 1 shows the direction traffic must take: a left turn at the sign.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-006-eisb.png","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-053.svg","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-026.svg","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rvms-104-eisb.png","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":0,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 006"},{"id":"u16-sign-0071","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"As you near a junction, this sign comes into view. What does this sign mean?","options":["Turn left at the junction ahead","A mini-roundabout ahead","Keep to the left of the sign","Yield right of way to traffic on the major road ahead"],"explanation":"You are looking at the turn left ahead sign. It is a mandatory sign in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025. Under Regulation 4(1) it shows the route traffic must take, and the turn it requires is further on, not at the sign.","correct":0,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 007","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-007-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0082","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which sign tells traffic it must turn right at the junction ahead?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign B is the turn right ahead sign. Listed in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, it is a mandatory sign under Regulation 4(1). The route it requires turns right further on, not where the sign stands.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-057.svg","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-008-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rvms-104-eisb.png","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-035-eisb.png","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":1,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 008"},{"id":"u16-sign-0091","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Driving into a city centre, you see this sign beside the left-hand lane. What does it tell you?","options":["A cycle track running with the flow of traffic","Vehicles must not be parked here","A tram lane","A stand for taxis"],"explanation":"The picture shows the with-flow cycle track sign. Regulation 5 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that, with the matching road markings, it indicates a cycle track: part of the road provided mainly for pedal cycles, e-mopeds and electric scooters.","correct":0,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 5(1); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 009","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-009-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0092","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Choose the sign that marks a cycle track running with the flow of traffic.","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign D is the with-flow cycle track sign. Regulation 5 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that, with the matching road markings, it indicates a cycle track: part of the road provided mainly for pedal cycles, e-mopeds and electric scooters.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-051-eisb.png","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-019.svg","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-061.svg","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-009-eisb.png","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":3,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 5(1); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 009"},{"id":"u16-sign-0101","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What is this sign telling you?","options":["This stretch of road is a clearway","Pedal cycles, e-mopeds and electric scooters must not go past","Vehicles must not go straight ahead","A speed limit that applies to trams"],"explanation":"The picture shows the clearway sign. It is one of the prohibitory signs in Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025. Regulation 14 lets a prohibitory sign forbid parking or stopping where it is provided, and a plate beneath can give the hours.","correct":0,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)(d), (4); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 010","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-010-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0102","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Pick the sign that marks a clearway.","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign D is the clearway sign. It is one of the prohibitory signs in Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025. Regulation 14 lets a prohibitory sign forbid parking or stopping where it is provided, and a plate beneath can give the hours.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-003-eisb.png","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rvms-102-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-050-eisb.png","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-010-eisb.png","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":3,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)(d), (4); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 010"},{"id":"u16-sign-0111","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A junction is just ahead, and this sign stands on the approach. What is the meaning of the sign?","options":["Keep to the left of the sign","Vehicles must not go straight ahead","A mini-roundabout ahead","Yield right of way to traffic on the major road ahead"],"explanation":"The picture shows the no straight ahead sign. It is a prohibitory sign in Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025. Under Regulation 14(2)(a) a vehicle must not go in the direction of the arrow shown, which here is straight on.","correct":1,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)(a); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 011","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-011.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0112","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which sign bans going straight ahead?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign D is the no straight ahead sign. It is a prohibitory sign in Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025. Under Regulation 14(2)(a) a vehicle must not go in the direction of the arrow shown, which here is straight on.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-028-eisb.png","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-020.svg","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-045-eisb.png","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-011.svg","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":3,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)(a); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 011"},{"id":"u16-sign-0122","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which of the four signs bans turning right?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign C is the no right turn sign. It is a prohibitory sign in Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025. Under Regulation 14(2)(a) a vehicle must not go in the direction of the arrow shown, which here is a right turn.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-036-eisb.png","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-052.svg","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-012.svg","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-001-eisb.png","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":2,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)(a); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 012"},{"id":"u16-sign-0123","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Slowing down for a junction, you see this sign. What does this sign tell you not to do?","options":["Overtake another vehicle","Turn left","Turn right","Go straight ahead"],"explanation":"Under Regulation 14(2)(a) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, a prohibitory sign with an arrow means a vehicle must not go in that direction, and on the no right turn sign that is a right turn. The sign says nothing about turning left, going straight on or overtaking.","correct":2,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)(a); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 012","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-012.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0131","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Driving through a town, you come up to a junction with this sign. What does it mean?","options":["Yield right of way to traffic on the major road ahead","A mini-roundabout ahead","Stop before entering the major road","Vehicles must not turn left"],"explanation":"That is the no left turn sign. Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 lists it as a prohibitory sign. Regulation 14(2)(a) means a vehicle must not go the way its arrow points, which is a left turn.","correct":3,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)(a); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 013","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-013.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0142","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which sign bans overtaking?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign D is the no overtaking sign. It is a prohibitory sign in Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025. Article 10(3) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 says a driver must not overtake, or try to overtake, on a stretch of road where it is provided.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-028-eisb.png","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-032a-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-049-eisb.png","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-014.svg","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":3,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 10(3), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 014"},{"id":"u16-sign-0143","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Behind a slow tractor on a winding country road, you see this sign. Which of these does it not allow?","options":["Overtake other vehicles","Turn left at the next junction","Park at the side of the road","Make a U-turn"],"explanation":"This is the no overtaking sign in Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025. Article 10(3) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 says a driver must not overtake, or try to overtake, on a stretch of road where it is provided. Turning, parking and U-turns are dealt with by other signs.","correct":0,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 10(3), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 014","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-014.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0161","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What message does this sign give?","options":["A speed limit of 20 km/h","The height of the structure ahead, in metres","Vehicles with at least the axles shown must not use the right-hand lane","Overtaking is not allowed"],"explanation":"The picture shows the height restriction sign. Regulation 23 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that, on or near a structure, it shows the height of that structure, with the figure given in metres.","correct":1,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 23(1), (2); Schedule 2, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 016","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-016.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0172","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which sign bans U-turns?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign D is the no U-turn sign. It is a prohibitory sign in Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 under Regulation 14, and it forbids turning to go back the way you came.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-040-eisb.png","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-002-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-026.svg","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-017.svg","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":3,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14; Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 017"},{"id":"u16-sign-0173","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You are approaching a junction and see this sign. Which of these does it not allow?","options":["Turn left at the junction","Make a U-turn","Overtake another vehicle","Park at the side of the road"],"explanation":"The no U-turn sign is a prohibitory sign under Regulation 14 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, listed in Part 1 of Schedule 2. It forbids a U-turn. Turning left, overtaking and parking are not what this sign controls.","correct":1,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14; Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 017","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-017.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0181","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You pull in at the kerb on a main street and then spot this sign. What does this sign mean?","options":["Parking is permitted here","A bus lane running against the flow of traffic","This stretch of road is a clearway","Vehicles must not be parked here"],"explanation":"This is the parking permitted sign. It is a restrictive sign in Part 2 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025. It marks where parking is permitted, and under Regulation 22(3) a plate can show the period or the kind of vehicle it covers.","correct":0,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 22(1), (3); Schedule 2, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 018","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-018.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0191","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You want to stop on a busy town street and see this sign at the kerb. What is the meaning of the sign?","options":["A bus lane running against the flow of traffic","A cycle track running against the flow of traffic","Vehicles must not be parked here","Parking is permitted here"],"explanation":"That is the no parking sign. It is a prohibitory sign in Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025. Article 36(2)(b) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 says a vehicle must not be parked where it is provided, during any period on the plate below it. It is the clearway sign that also bans stopping.","correct":2,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 36(2)(b), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(m)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 019","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-019.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0192","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which sign bans parking?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign A is the no parking sign. It is a prohibitory sign in Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025. Article 36(2)(b) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 says a vehicle must not be parked where it is provided, during any period on the plate below it. It is the clearway sign that also bans stopping.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-019.svg","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-051-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-004-eisb.png","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-060.svg","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":0,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 36(2)(b), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(m)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 019"},{"id":"u16-sign-0202","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Find the sign that marks a stand for taxis.","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign B is the taxi stand sign. It is a restrictive sign in Part 2 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, made under Regulation 22, and it marks a stand kept for taxis.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-038.svg","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-020.svg","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-001-eisb.png","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-045-eisb.png","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":1,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 22(1); Schedule 2, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 020"},{"id":"u16-sign-0211","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What does this road sign mean?","options":["A bus priority facility is in operation","Traffic may go on past the roadworks","A bus lane running against the flow of traffic","A pedestrianised street"],"explanation":"The picture shows the pedestrianised street sign. Under Regulation 22 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 it stops vehicles entering the street, and a plate below may make an exception for deliveries or access, with the times.","correct":3,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 22(1), (4); Schedule 2, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 021","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-021-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0212","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which of these signs marks a pedestrianised street?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign D is the pedestrianised street sign. Under Regulation 22 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 it stops vehicles entering the street, and a plate below may make an exception for deliveries or access, with the times.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-007-eisb.png","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-065-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-030-eisb.png","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-021-eisb.png","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":3,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 22(1), (4); Schedule 2, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 021"},{"id":"u16-sign-0262","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which sign tells you to yield right of way to traffic on the major road ahead?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign A is the yield sign. Regulation 29(2) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that it tells traffic to yield right of way to traffic on a major road ahead. The Irish legend Géill Slí on the same sign carries the same meaning.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-026.svg","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-032a-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rvms-102-eisb.png","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-019.svg","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":0,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 29(2), (3); Schedule 2, Part 3","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 026"},{"id":"u16-sign-0263","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"How must you act at this sign?","options":["Yield right of way to traffic on the major road ahead","Yield only to pedestrians crossing in front of you","Carry on, as traffic on the major road must yield to you","Yield only to vehicles turning into your road"],"explanation":"Regulation 29(2) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the yield sign tells traffic to yield right of way to traffic on the major road ahead. The duty is yours, not the major road's, and it is owed to that traffic, not only to turning vehicles or pedestrians.","correct":0,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 29(2), (3); Schedule 2, Part 3","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 026","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-026.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0272","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Only one of these signs tells traffic to stop before entering the major road. Which is it?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign A is the stop sign. Regulation 29(4) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that traffic must stop before entering a major road, and Regulation 29(5) describes the sign as a red octagon showing the word Stop.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-027.svg","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-019.svg","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-040-eisb.png","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-036-eisb.png","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":0,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 29(4), (5); Schedule 2, Part 3","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 027"},{"id":"u16-sign-0281","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"On a busy city street, this sign stands at the start of the lane nearest the kerb. What does it tell you?","options":["A cycle track running against the flow of traffic","A tram lane","A bus lane running with the flow of traffic","This stretch of road is a clearway"],"explanation":"You are looking at the nearside with-flow bus lane sign. Regulation 10(1) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that, with the bus lane road marking, it indicates a bus lane, and the with-flow design shows buses travelling the same way as the traffic beside them.","correct":2,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 10(1); Schedule 1, Part 4","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 028","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-028-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0301","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You turn into a one-way street in the city and see this sign. How do you read this sign?","options":["A bus lane running against the flow of traffic","A tram lane","A cycle track running with the flow of traffic","Keep to the right of the sign"],"explanation":"That is the contra-flow bus lane sign. Under Regulation 10(1) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, together with the bus lane road marking, it indicates a contra-flow bus lane, where buses travel against the flow of the traffic beside them.","correct":0,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 10(1); Schedule 1, Part 4","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 030","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-030-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0302","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Find the sign that marks a contra-flow bus lane.","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign D is the contra-flow bus lane sign. Under Regulation 10(1) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, together with the bus lane road marking, it indicates a contra-flow bus lane, where buses travel against the flow of the traffic beside them.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-002-eisb.png","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-050-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-056.svg","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-030-eisb.png","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":3,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 10(1); Schedule 1, Part 4","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 030"},{"id":"u16-sign-0322","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which sign is shown by a school warden to stop traffic?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign C is the school warden sign. Regulation 30 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that a school warden shows it to indicate that traffic must stop and remain stopped.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-001-eisb.png","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-033-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-032.svg","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-062.svg","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":2,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 30(1), (2); Schedule 2, Part 4","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 032"},{"id":"u16-sign-0323","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What must you do because of this sign?","options":["Stop and stay stopped while the warden shows it","Stop briefly, then go on while the sign is still shown","Slow down and drive past the warden with care","Stop only if a child is already on the road"],"explanation":"Regulation 30 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that when a school warden shows this sign, traffic must stop and remain stopped. Slowing down is not enough, the duty does not wait for a child to step out, and a brief stop does not meet it.","correct":0,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 30(1), (2); Schedule 2, Part 4","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 032","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-032.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0331","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which meaning does this sign carry?","options":["A speed limit that applies to trams","Trams must yield to other trams or to traffic on the road ahead","Trams must stop and not go on until it is safe","Stop, and stay stopped while the disc is shown"],"explanation":"You are looking at the speed limit sign for light rail vehicles. Regulation 87 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 describes a white diamond with a black border and figures, showing a speed limit that applies to a light rail vehicle, in other words a tram.","correct":0,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 87(1); Schedule 7, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 033","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-033-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0341","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What is this sign for?","options":["Trams must yield to other trams or to traffic on the road ahead","A speed limit that applies to trams","Trams must stop and not go on until it is safe","The end of a shared zone"],"explanation":"This is the light rail vehicles stop sign. Regulation 88 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that it tells a light rail vehicle, a tram, to stop and not go on until it is safe to do so.","correct":2,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 88(1), (2); Schedule 7, Part 3","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 034","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-034-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0342","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which sign tells a tram to stop and not go on until it is safe?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign B is the light rail vehicles stop sign. Regulation 88 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that it tells a light rail vehicle, a tram, to stop and not go on until it is safe to do so.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-046.svg","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-034-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-043-eisb.png","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-049-eisb.png","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":1,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 88(1), (2); Schedule 7, Part 3","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 034"},{"id":"u16-sign-0351","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Waiting at traffic lights beside a tram line, you notice this sign. What message does it give?","options":["A speed limit that applies to trams","Trams must stop and not go on until it is safe","Vehicles must not go straight ahead","Trams must yield to other trams or to traffic on the road ahead"],"explanation":"This is the light rail vehicles yield sign. Under Regulation 89 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, it tells a light rail vehicle to yield right of way to another light rail vehicle or to traffic on the road ahead.","correct":3,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 89(1), (2); Schedule 7, Part 4","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 035","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-035-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0361","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Driving along a city street with tram tracks, you see this sign. What is it telling you?","options":["A bus lane running with the flow of traffic","A tram lane","Trams must yield to other trams or to traffic on the road ahead","U-turns are not allowed"],"explanation":"You are looking at the nearside tram lane sign. Regulation 90(1) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that, with the tram lane line, it indicates a tram lane.","correct":1,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 90(1), (2); Schedule 7, Part 5","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 036","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-036-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0362","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which sign marks a tram lane?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign B is the nearside tram lane sign. Regulation 90(1) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that, with the tram lane line, it indicates a tram lane.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-006-eisb.png","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-036-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-035-eisb.png","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-016.svg","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":1,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 90(1), (2); Schedule 7, Part 5","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 036"},{"id":"u16-sign-0381","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"This sign stands beside the tram tracks on a city street. Which of these does it mean?","options":["Vehicles must not turn right","Trams must stop and not go on until it is safe","Pedestrians must not go past this point","A bus lane running against the flow of traffic"],"explanation":"The picture shows the no pedestrians sign. It is a prohibitory sign in Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025. Under Regulation 14(2)(e) a pedestrian must not go past it on a road with a light railway or ahead of a road tunnel.","correct":2,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)(e); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 038","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-038.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0382","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which sign bans pedestrians from going past?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign A is the no pedestrians sign. It is a prohibitory sign in Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025. Under Regulation 14(2)(e) a pedestrian must not go past it on a road with a light railway or ahead of a road tunnel.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-038.svg","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-004-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-054.svg","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-034-eisb.png","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":0,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)(e); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 038"},{"id":"u16-sign-0452","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which sign shows a special speed limit when it is lit?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign A is the periodic special speed limit sign. Regulation 34 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 describes a black disc that, when lit, shows a red border and a special speed limit in white figures, and it is lit and switched off at set intervals.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-045-eisb.png","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-004-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-051-eisb.png","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-070a-eisb.png","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":0,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 34(1), (2), (3); Schedule 3, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 045"},{"id":"u16-sign-0453","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"On a road through a village, this sign is lit as you approach. How must you respond to it?","options":["Keep within the speed shown only if a Garda is present","Keep within the speed shown while the sign is lit","Treat the figure as advice rather than a limit","Keep within the speed shown only when children are in sight"],"explanation":"This is the periodic special speed limit sign under Regulation 34 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025. When lit, it shows the special speed limit that applies, and a speed limit is a limit, not advice. Nothing in the Regulation ties it to children being in view or to a Garda being there.","correct":1,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 34(1), (2), (3); Schedule 3, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 045","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-045-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0462","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Pick the sign that bans vehicles with at least the number of axles shown.","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign B is the prohibited vehicles sign. Regulation 15 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 bars the driver of a prohibited vehicle from going past it. Regulation 2(1) defines that as a mechanically propelled vehicle, other than one built to carry passengers, whose axles, trailer included, reach the figure shown.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-058-eisb.png","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-046.svg","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-026a.svg","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-065-eisb.png","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":1,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 2(1), Regulation 15(1), (2); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 046"},{"id":"u16-sign-0463","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Heading into a town centre, you see this sign where the main street begins. What does this sign tell you not to do?","options":["Drive past in a bus with more axles than the figure","Drive past in a lorry with at least the number of axles shown","Drive past in a car with fewer axles than the figure","Cycle past on a pedal cycle"],"explanation":"Regulation 15 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 bars the driver of a prohibited vehicle from going past this sign. Regulation 2(1) defines that as a mechanically propelled vehicle, other than one built to carry passengers, whose axles, trailer included, reach the figure shown. A bus carries passengers, the car is under the figure, and a pedal cycle is not mechanically propelled.","correct":1,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 2(1), Regulation 15(1), (2); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 046","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-046.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0471","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Just before a road tunnel, this sign faces you. How do you read this sign?","options":["Pedestrians must not go past this point","A speed limit of 100 km/h","The height of the structure ahead, in metres","Vehicles with at least the axles shown must not use the right-hand lane"],"explanation":"The picture shows the prohibited axles in right-hand lane sign for road tunnels. Regulation 16 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that, at the entrance to a road tunnel with two lanes, the driver of a prohibited vehicle must not drive in the right-hand lane inside the tunnel.","correct":3,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 16(1); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 047","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-047-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0491","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"On the approach to a junction, this sign faces you. How should you read it?","options":["A mini-roundabout ahead","Keep to the left of the sign","Turn left at the junction ahead","Vehicles must not turn right"],"explanation":"That is the mini-roundabout sign. Regulation 12 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that it indicates a mini-roundabout ahead, and its three white arrows show the direction traffic must go on entering.","correct":0,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 12(1), (2); Schedule 1, Part 5","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 049","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-049-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0501","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"At the entrance to a side street, this sign faces you. What is the meaning of the sign?","options":["Yield right of way to traffic on the major road ahead","Bye-laws restrict or ban parking there for a specified event","This stretch of road is a clearway","No entry for vehicles"],"explanation":"You are looking at the no entry to vehicles sign. Regulation 24 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that, at the entrance to a road, a driver must not go past it. A plate below may exempt pedal cyclists and e-moped and electric scooter drivers.","correct":3,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 24(1), (2), (4); Schedule 2, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 050","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-050-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0502","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which one of these signs bans vehicles from entering the road?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign B is the no entry to vehicles sign. Regulation 24 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that, at the entrance to a road, a driver must not go past it. A plate below may exempt pedal cyclists and e-moped and electric scooter drivers.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-018.svg","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-050-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-030-eisb.png","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-009-eisb.png","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":1,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 24(1), (2), (4); Schedule 2, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 050"},{"id":"u16-sign-0511","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"This sign stands at the start of a narrow lane between high walls. What is the sign telling you?","options":["The height of the structure ahead, in metres","Overtaking is not allowed","Vehicles longer than the length shown must not go past","People riding, leading or driving animals must not go past"],"explanation":"The picture shows the maximum vehicle length sign. Under Regulation 25 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the driver of a vehicle or combination of vehicles longer overall than the length shown, in metres, must not go past it.","correct":2,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 25(1), (2); Schedule 2, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 051","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-051-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0522","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which sign limits the width of vehicles that may go past?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign C is the maximum vehicle width sign. Regulation 26 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the driver of a vehicle wider than the width shown, in metres, must not go past it.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-014.svg","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-035-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-052.svg","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-009-eisb.png","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":2,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 26(1), (2); Schedule 2, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 052"},{"id":"u16-sign-0523","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You are about to turn onto a narrow road with tight bends and see this sign. What does it say you must not do?","options":["Drive past in a vehicle narrower than the width shown","Drive past in a vehicle taller than that figure in metres","Drive past in a vehicle wider than the width shown","Drive past in a vehicle longer than that figure in metres"],"explanation":"This is the maximum vehicle width sign. Regulation 26 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the driver of a vehicle wider than the width shown, in metres, must not go past it. It does not limit height or length, and a narrower vehicle may go on.","correct":2,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 26(1), (2); Schedule 2, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 052","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-052.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0531","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Before a small bridge on a rural road, this sign faces you. What does it mean?","options":["A speed limit of 20 km/h","Overtaking is not allowed","People riding, leading or driving animals must not go past","Vehicles over the design gross weight shown must not go past"],"explanation":"This is the maximum design gross vehicle weight sign. Under Regulation 27 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the driver of a vehicle whose design gross vehicle weight is over the figure shown, in tonnes, must not go past it.","correct":3,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 27(1), (2); Schedule 2, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 053","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-053.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0532","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Only one of these signs limits the design gross vehicle weight of vehicles that may go past. Which is it?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign B is the maximum design gross vehicle weight sign. Under Regulation 27 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the driver of a vehicle whose design gross vehicle weight is over the figure shown, in tonnes, must not go past it.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-013.svg","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-053.svg","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-060.svg","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-026a.svg","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":1,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 27(1), (2); Schedule 2, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 053"},{"id":"u16-sign-0541","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"This sign stands just before a narrow stone bridge on a country road. How should you read it?","options":["The height of the structure ahead, in metres","Vehicles over the axle weight shown must not go past","A speed limit of 50 km/h","People riding, leading or driving animals must not go past"],"explanation":"The picture shows the maximum vehicle axle loading weight sign. Regulation 28 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the driver of a vehicle whose axle loading weight is over the figure shown, in tonnes, must not go past it.","correct":1,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 28(1), (2); Schedule 2, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 054","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-054.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0542","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which sign limits the axle loading weight of vehicles that may go past?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign A is the maximum vehicle axle loading weight sign. Regulation 28 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the driver of a vehicle whose axle loading weight is over the figure shown, in tonnes, must not go past it.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-054.svg","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-010-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-034-eisb.png","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-026a.svg","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":0,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 28(1), (2); Schedule 2, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 054"},{"id":"u16-sign-0551","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Out on your bicycle, you come to this sign. What does this sign mean?","options":["Overtaking is not allowed","Pedal cycles, e-mopeds and electric scooters must not go past","People riding, leading or driving animals must not go past","A track shared by pedestrians and cyclists"],"explanation":"That is the no pedal cycles, e-mopeds or electric scooters sign. Regulation 17 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that a person driving a pedal cycle, e-moped or electric scooter must not go past it.","correct":1,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 17(1); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 055","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-055.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0552","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which sign bans pedal cycles, e-mopeds and electric scooters?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign C is the no pedal cycles, e-mopeds or electric scooters sign. Regulation 17 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that a person driving a pedal cycle, e-moped or electric scooter must not go past it.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-036-eisb.png","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rvms-104-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-055.svg","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-018.svg","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":2,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 17(1); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 055"},{"id":"u16-sign-0561","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What does this sign tell drivers?","options":["People riding, leading or driving animals must not go past","Vehicles must not turn right","Vehicles must not go straight ahead","A tram lane"],"explanation":"That is the no animals sign. Regulation 18 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that a person riding, leading or driving a horse or other animal, or in charge of one, must not go past it. Cats and dogs do not count as animals for this sign.","correct":0,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 18(1), (4); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 056","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-056.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0562","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which sign bans people riding, leading or driving animals?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign A is the no animals sign. Regulation 18 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that a person riding, leading or driving a horse or other animal, or in charge of one, must not go past it. Cats and dogs do not count as animals for this sign.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-056.svg","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-027.svg","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-043-eisb.png","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-049-eisb.png","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":0,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 18(1), (4); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 056"},{"id":"u16-sign-0572","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which sign bans animal-drawn vehicles?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign D is the no animal-drawn vehicles sign. Listed as No Horse and Cart in Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, it means under Regulation 19 that a person driving or in charge of an animal-drawn vehicle must not go past it.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-016.svg","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-005-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-036-eisb.png","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-057.svg","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":3,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 19(1); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 057"},{"id":"u16-sign-0581","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"How should you read this sign?","options":["You may pass the sign on either side","A track shared by pedestrians and cyclists","Turn right at the junction ahead","A speed limit of 100 km/h"],"explanation":"You are looking at the shared track sign. Regulation 6 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that, with the matching road markings, it indicates a track shared by pedestrians and people on pedal cycles, e-mopeds or electric scooters.","correct":1,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 6(1); Schedule 1, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 058","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-058-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0582","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"One of these signs marks a track shared by pedestrians and cyclists. Which one?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign C is the shared track sign. Regulation 6 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that, with the matching road markings, it indicates a track shared by pedestrians and people on pedal cycles, e-mopeds or electric scooters.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-032.svg","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-030-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-058-eisb.png","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-012.svg","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":2,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 6(1); Schedule 1, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 058"},{"id":"u16-sign-0591","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"This sign faces you as you enter a one-way street. What is it telling you?","options":["A tram lane","A bus lane running with the flow of traffic","Keep to the right of the sign","A cycle track running against the flow of traffic"],"explanation":"That is the contra-flow cycle track sign. Regulation 8 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that, with the matching road markings, it indicates a cycle track where pedal cycles, e-mopeds and electric scooters may travel against the traffic in the lane beside it.","correct":3,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 8(1); Schedule 1, Part 3","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 059","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-059-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0601","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"At roadworks where one lane is closed, a worker holds this sign facing your traffic. What does it tell you?","options":["A speed limit of 20 km/h","Yield right of way to traffic on the major road ahead","Stop, and stay stopped while the disc is shown","Traffic may go on past the roadworks"],"explanation":"The picture shows the STOP disc used at roadworks. Regulation 32(1) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that when it faces your stream of traffic at roadworks, traffic must stop before the sign and stay stopped while it is shown.","correct":2,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 32(1), (2); Schedule 2, Part 5","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 060","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-060.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0612","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which one of these signs tells traffic at roadworks that it may go on?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign B is the GO disc used at roadworks. Regulation 32(3) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that when it faces your stream of traffic at roadworks, traffic may go on or start to go on. It may show GO or the Irish Téigh.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-019.svg","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-061.svg","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-049-eisb.png","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-065-eisb.png","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":1,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 32(3), (4); Schedule 2, Part 5","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 061"},{"id":"u16-sign-0622","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which sign bans vehicles carrying explosive material?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign C is the no vehicles carrying explosives sign. Regulation 20 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that, at or near the entrance to a road tunnel, the driver of a vehicle carrying explosive material must not go past it.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-003-eisb.png","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-060.svg","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-062.svg","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-026.svg","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":2,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 20(1), (4); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 062"},{"id":"u16-sign-0623","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You are approaching the entrance to a road tunnel and see this sign. What does this sign tell you not to do?","options":["Drive past in a car with passengers","Ride past on a motorcycle","Drive past in a lorry carrying timber","Drive past in a van carrying explosive material"],"explanation":"Regulation 20 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that, at or near the entrance to a road tunnel, the driver of a vehicle carrying explosive material must not go past this sign. A load of timber, passengers or a motorcycle on its own is not caught by it.","correct":3,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 20(1), (4); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 062","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-062.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0631","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"This sign stands at the entrance to an area, with a plate below it giving a date and times. What does it mean?","options":["Pedal cycles, e-mopeds and electric scooters must not go past","Vehicles must not turn right","Yield right of way to traffic on the major road ahead","Bye-laws restrict or ban parking there for a specified event"],"explanation":"This is the restriction on parking sign for specified events. Regulation 21 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that it tells drivers that bye-laws restrict or prohibit parking there, and the plate with it gives the date or day and the period.","correct":3,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 21(1), (2); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 063","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-063.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-0701","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which of these explains this sign?","options":["A bus lane running with the flow of traffic","A shared zone for pedestrians, cyclists and vehicles","A cycle track running against the flow of traffic","A mini-roundabout ahead"],"explanation":"This is the shared zone sign. Regulation 13 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that it indicates a shared surface street used by pedestrians and vehicles, and the sign carries a 20 km/h speed limit sign inside it.","correct":1,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 13(1); Schedule 1, Part 7","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 070","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-070-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-1201","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What is the meaning of this sign?","options":["The height of the structure ahead, in metres","A space only for electric vehicles that are recharging","A speed limit of 120 km/h","A shared zone for pedestrians, cyclists and vehicles"],"explanation":"You are looking at the electric vehicle recharging only sign. Part 2 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 lists it among the restrictive signs made under Regulation 22. It keeps the space for electric vehicles while they recharge.","correct":1,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 22(1); Schedule 2, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 020A","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-020a-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-1202","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which sign keeps a space for electric vehicles that are recharging?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign B is the electric vehicle recharging only sign. Part 2 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 lists it among the restrictive signs made under Regulation 22. It keeps the space for electric vehicles while they recharge.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-007-eisb.png","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-020a-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-061.svg","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-021-eisb.png","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":1,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 22(1); Schedule 2, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 020A"},{"id":"u16-sign-1261","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"At a set of traffic lights, this sign is mounted with the signals. What is it telling you?","options":["Pedal cycles, e-mopeds and electric scooters must not go past","Turn right here","Cyclists and e-moped or electric scooter drivers must yield to pedestrians and traffic","A track shared by pedestrians and cyclists"],"explanation":"The picture shows the yield sign for cyclists. Part 3 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 says it is used with traffic lights and applies only to pedal cyclists and e-moped and electric scooter drivers, who under Regulation 29(2) must yield right of way to pedestrians and traffic.","correct":2,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 29(2), (6); Schedule 2, Part 3","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 026A","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-026a.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-1322","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which sign closes a school street to motor vehicles at the times shown?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign C is the school street sign. Regulation 31 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the driver of a mechanically propelled vehicle must not go past it, and the plate below it gives the periods when that applies.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-070-eisb.png","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-026a.svg","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-032a-eisb.png","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rus-013.svg","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":2,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 31(1), (4); Schedule 2, Part 4","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 032A"},{"id":"u16-sign-1323","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"On a street with a school on it, you see this sign. What does it say you must not do?","options":["Walk past it during the times on the plate","Drive a car past it outside the times on the plate","Drive a car past it during the times on the plate","Cycle past it on a pedal cycle during the times on the plate"],"explanation":"Regulation 31 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the driver of a mechanically propelled vehicle must not go past the school street sign, and the plate below it gives the periods when that applies. A pedal cycle is not mechanically propelled, walking is not driving, and outside the stated periods the restriction does not apply.","correct":2,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 31(1), (4); Schedule 2, Part 4","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 032A","image":{"src":"/signs/rus-032a-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-1702","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which sign marks the end of a shared zone?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign B is the end of shared zone sign. Regulation 13(2) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that it indicates the end of a shared zone.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-009-eisb.png","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-070a-eisb.png","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-027.svg","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rvms-102-eisb.png","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":1,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 13(2); Schedule 1, Part 7","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RUS 070A"},{"id":"u16-sign-2021","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What do you take this sign to mean?","options":["Vehicles longer than the length shown must not go past","A mini-roundabout ahead","The speed limit shown applies to this road or lane","Animal-drawn vehicles must not go past"],"explanation":"This is the electronic speed limit sign. Regulation 36 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the speed limit it displays is the limit for the road, or the part, carriageway or lane of the road, where it is provided.","correct":2,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 36(1), (2); Schedule 3, Part 4","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RVMS 102","image":{"src":"/signs/rvms-102-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u16-sign-2022","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which sign shows an electronic speed limit for the road or lane?","options":["Sign A","Sign B","Sign C","Sign D"],"explanation":"Sign D is the electronic speed limit sign. Regulation 36 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the speed limit it displays is the limit for the road, or the part, carriageway or lane of the road, where it is provided.","optionImages":[{"src":"/signs/rus-017.svg","alt":"Sign A"},{"src":"/signs/rus-061.svg","alt":"Sign B"},{"src":"/signs/rus-058-eisb.png","alt":"Sign C"},{"src":"/signs/rvms-102-eisb.png","alt":"Sign D"}],"correct":3,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 36(1), (2); Schedule 3, Part 4","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RVMS 102"},{"id":"u16-sign-2041","exams":["BW","AM","C","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"On a busy motorway, this sign is lit up beside the lanes. How should you read it?","options":["Vehicles with at least the axles shown must not use the right-hand lane","The height of the structure ahead, in metres","A bus priority facility is in operation","Overtaking is not allowed"],"explanation":"That is the bus priority facility sign. Regulation 10A, added to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 by S.I. No. 205 of 2026, provides that with the wide continuous yellow line it indicates a bus priority facility, and it is displayed when the facility is in operation.","correct":2,"source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025), as amended by the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) (Amendment) Regulations 2026 (S.I. No. 205 of 2026)","provision":"Regulation 10A(1), inserted by S.I. No. 205 of 2026; Schedule 1, Part 8","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2026/si/205/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-16","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"sign":"RVMS 104","image":{"src":"/signs/rvms-104-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u2-junctions-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Who must you yield to when pulling away from a kerbside parking space?","options":["All other traffic and pedestrians","Only vehicles approaching from behind","Only pedestrians already on the road","Nobody once you have indicated"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The moving-off rule requires a driver or rider starting from a stationary position to yield to other traffic and to pedestrians.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 8(2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-junctions-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You are turning into a side road and a pedestrian has already started to cross that road. What must you do?","options":["Continue because you are turning from the main road","Yield and let the pedestrian finish crossing","Continue because your indicator gives you priority","Stop only if the pedestrian is in your lane"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The junction right-of-way rule in article 8 requires you to yield to a pedestrian who has already started crossing at the junction.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 8(3), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(b)(i)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-junctions-0003","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"At a junction, a cyclist has already begun crossing at a cycle track crossing as you approach it. What should you do?","options":["Proceed because motor traffic has priority at junctions","Sound the horn so the cyclist stops","Yield to the cyclist who has begun crossing","Pass behind the cyclist without reducing speed"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The junction and cycle track crossing rule in article 8 gives right of way to a vehicle that has already started to cross there.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 8(3), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(b)(i)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-junctions-0004","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Who has right of way when you drive from a private driveway across a footpath onto a public road?","options":["You, once the front of your vehicle reaches the road first","Only vehicles coming from your right","Only pedestrians using the footpath","Vehicles and pedestrians coming from either direction"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The rule for entering a public road from private property requires you to yield to every vehicle and pedestrian coming from either direction.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 8(4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-junctions-0005","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You are leaving a farm yard for a local road, with a vehicle approaching from the left. What must you do?","options":["Yield because you are entering from a place that is not a public road","Join the road because traffic from the left must wait","Move out first if you have indicated","Yield only if the approaching vehicle is large"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The private-access rule in article 8 requires traffic entering a public road from a yard or forecourt to yield in both directions.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 8(4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-junctions-0006","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Your road ends at an unsigned T-junction with no stop or yield lines. Traffic is approaching on the other road from both sides. What must you do?","options":["Yield only to traffic coming from your right","Yield to traffic and pedestrians on the other road from both directions","Proceed because traffic going straight must yield to you","Proceed if your road is wider than the other road"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The unsigned T-junction rule in article 8 requires traffic on the road that ends to yield to traffic and pedestrians on the other road.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 8(5), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-junctions-0007","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You and another driver arrive together at an unsigned crossroads where neither road ends and neither vehicle has started to cross. The other driver is on your right. Who should go first?","options":["You, because you are going straight on","You, if your road appears wider","The driver on your right","The driver who signals first"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The unsigned-junction rule in article 8 requires you to yield to traffic and pedestrians coming from your right when neither road ends.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 8(5), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-junctions-0008","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"When does the rule requiring you to yield to traffic from your right at a junction apply?","options":["At every junction, including one with a yield sign","Whenever the road on your right is wider","Only when you intend to turn right","When neither road ends and no sign or line assigns priority"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The yield-to-the-right rule in article 8 applies only where neither road ends and no stop, yield or major-road sign or line controls priority.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 8(5), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-junctions-0009","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Who has right of way when you turn right at a junction and an oncoming vehicle continues straight ahead?","options":["Yield to the oncoming vehicle","Turn first because you arrived earlier","Turn first because right-turning traffic has priority","Wait only if the oncoming driver sounds the horn"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The right-turn rule in article 8 requires a driver turning right to yield to an oncoming vehicle that is going straight ahead.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 8(7)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-junctions-0010","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You are turning right while an oncoming vehicle is turning left into the same road. Who has right of way?","options":["You, because a right turn crosses more traffic","The oncoming vehicle turning left","Whichever vehicle reaches the centre first","Whichever driver indicates for longer"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The right-turn rule in article 8 requires you to yield to an oncoming vehicle that is turning left as well as one going straight.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 8(7)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-junctions-0011","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You are turning right from a one-way street that is wide enough for two lanes. Where should you position your vehicle on approach?","options":["Close to the left-hand side","In the middle of the one-way street","Close to the right-hand side","Anywhere if you indicate"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The junction-position rule in article 11 requires a right turn from a wide one-way road to be approached from the right-hand side.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 11","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article11","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-junctions-0012","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Must you stop at a stop sign when a quiet rural junction has clear views and no traffic in sight?","options":["Slow to walking pace and continue","Stop only when traffic is approaching","Continue after checking both directions","Stop before the stop sign"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The stop-sign rule in article 20 requires a full stop in advance of the stop sign, and in advance of the stop line where one is marked, even when the junction looks completely clear.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 20(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article20","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-junctions-0013","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Where must you stop when a stop sign stands before a junction and its stop line is painted farther forward?","options":["Before the stop line","Level with the stop sign","At whichever point gives the clearest view","Beyond the line if no traffic is coming"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The stop-line rule in article 20 requires you to stop before the line when both a stop sign and a stop line are provided.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 20(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article20","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-junctions-0014","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Who must you yield to when a yield sign controls your approach to a major road?","options":["Proceed because only traffic from your right has priority","Yield to the vehicle on the major road","Proceed because you are turning left","Stop and wait even after the road becomes clear"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The yield rule in article 21 requires you to give right of way to traffic on the major road, regardless of which side it comes from.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 21","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article21","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-junctions-0015","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"May you continue without stopping at a yield line when the major road is clear?","options":["Stop for several seconds before moving","Yield only to traffic coming from the right","Continue without stopping while remaining ready to yield","Treat the yield line as giving you priority"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The yield-line rule in article 21 requires you to yield to major-road traffic, but it does not require a full stop when the way is clear.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 21","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article21","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-junctions-0016","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"May you turn right at an empty junction when a no right turn sign is displayed?","options":["Turn right after checking the road is empty","Turn right if you indicate early","Treat the sign as advice in light traffic","Choose another permitted direction"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The compulsory-direction rule in articles 22 and 23 prohibits the movement shown by a no right turn sign, even when the road is empty.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Articles 22 and 23(1), (2) (article 22 as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(g))","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article22","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-junctions-0017","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You approach a traffic island carrying a keep left sign. Which side of the sign must you pass?","options":["The left side","Either side when clear","The right side if turning right later","Whichever side has less traffic"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The keep-left rule in article 24 requires approaching traffic to pass on the left of a keep left sign.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 24(1) to (3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article24","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-junctions-0018","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A no entry line crosses the mouth of a quiet street that would shorten your journey. What must you do?","options":["Enter only for a quick drop-off","Do not drive past the line into the street","Enter if you cannot see other traffic","Enter unless your vehicle is unusually large"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The no-entry-line rule in article 28 prohibits a driver from passing the line in order to enter that road.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 28","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article28","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-junctions-0019","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You miss a turn and consider reversing from a side road onto the major road. What does the reversing rule require?","options":["Reverse after checking mirrors carefully","Reverse if no traffic is visible","Do not reverse onto the major road","Reverse with hazard warning lights on"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The reversing rule in article 12 prohibits reversing onto a major road from another road, even when the road appears clear.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 12(1) to (3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article12","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-junctions-0020","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"When may you drive across a footpath beside a public road?","options":["To pass a queue of traffic","To reach a space farther along the footpath","To turn around on a narrow street","To enter or leave a place beside the footpath"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The footpath rule in article 13 permits driving across a footpath only to enter or leave a place beside it, such as a driveway.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Articles 13 and 16","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article13","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-roundabouts-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"roundabouts","stem":"Which way must you turn when entering an ordinary roundabout?","options":["Turn left and travel clockwise","Turn right when your exit is on the right","Choose either direction when the road is clear","Drive straight across when the centre is flat"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The roundabout entry rule in article 15 requires every driver to turn left on entering, regardless of the exit being taken.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 15","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article15","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-roundabouts-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"roundabouts","stem":"You want an exit on your right at a quiet roundabout. How must you enter the roundabout?","options":["Turn right because that is the shorter route","Turn left and go clockwise around it","Enter in either direction if nobody is coming","Drive across the centre to reach the exit"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The roundabout direction rule in article 15 requires a left turn on entry and clockwise travel, even when your chosen exit lies to the right.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 15","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article15","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-roundabouts-0003","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"roundabouts","stem":"What does a mini-roundabout sign tell you about the arrows shown on it?","options":["They suggest a route but do not require it","They show that either direction may be used","They show the direction you must follow on entry","They give priority to traffic approaching from the left"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The mini-roundabout sign rule in regulation 12 makes the arrow direction compulsory for traffic entering the mini-roundabout.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 12(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-roundabouts-0004","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"roundabouts","stem":"A vehicle is already travelling on a mini-roundabout as you arrive. What must you do?","options":["Enter because approaching traffic has priority","Enter if the other vehicle is on your left","Enter if you reached the sign first","Yield to the vehicle already on the mini-roundabout"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The mini-roundabout rule in regulation 5 requires entering traffic to yield to any traffic already on the mini-roundabout.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2012 (S.I. No. 332 of 2012)","provision":"Regulation 5(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-roundabouts-0005","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"roundabouts","stem":"May you drive partly over the central marking of a mini-roundabout to make a tight turn?","options":["No, you must not drive wholly or partly over it","Yes, when you are turning right","Yes, when your vehicle is small enough","Yes, if no other traffic is present"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The mini-roundabout marking rule in regulation 5 prohibits driving either wholly or partly over the central marking.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2012 (S.I. No. 332 of 2012)","provision":"Regulation 5(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-roundabouts-0006","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"roundabouts","stem":"In which direction must you travel when entering and going around a mini-roundabout?","options":["Straight across the central marking","Turn left and follow the arrows","Turn right when taking a right-hand exit","Either direction when no traffic is present"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The mini-roundabout direction rule in regulation 5 requires you to turn left and travel in the direction shown by the arrows.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2012 (S.I. No. 332 of 2012)","provision":"Regulation 5(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-yellowbox-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"yellow-box-junctions","stem":"You are turning right at a junction and oncoming traffic may stop you inside the yellow box. May you enter the box?","options":["No, a vehicle may never wait in a yellow box","Only after every oncoming vehicle has passed","Yes, the right-turn exception permits entry to make the turn","Only when a Garda waves you into the box"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The yellow box rule in article 29 permits a driver who intends to turn right at a junction to enter the box to make that turn.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 29(1) to (3), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(l)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-yellowbox-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"yellow-box-junctions","stem":"A yellow box is at a junction without traffic lights, and traffic blocks your exit. What should you do?","options":["Enter because the rule applies only at traffic lights","Enter if the vehicle ahead is moving slowly","Stop with your front wheels inside the box","Wait outside until you can clear the box without stopping"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The yellow box rule in article 29 applies on public roads whether or not traffic lights are present, so a blocked exit means you must wait.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 29(1) to (3), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(l)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-yellowbox-0003","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"yellow-box-junctions","stem":"Traffic ahead stops after only the front of your vehicle has entered a yellow box. Have you complied with the rule?","options":["No, entering even partly is prohibited when you cannot clear it","Yes, because most of your vehicle remains outside","Yes, if the traffic ahead starts moving soon","Yes, because only the rear wheels count"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The yellow box rule in article 29 prohibits entering the marked area even partly unless the vehicle can clear it without stopping.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 29(1) to (3), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(l)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-yellowbox-0004","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"yellow-box-junctions","stem":"A yellow box is marked at the end of a bus lane. When may a vehicle leaving that bus lane enter the box?","options":["Only when it can clear the box without stopping","It may enter under the bus-lane-exit exception","Only while turning right at the next junction","It may never enter from a bus lane"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The yellow box rule in article 29 includes a specific exception allowing a vehicle leaving a bus lane to enter a box at its end.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 29(1) to (3), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(l)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-yellowbox-0005","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"yellow-box-junctions","stem":"When may you drive straight into a yellow box?","options":["Whenever the traffic light is green","Whenever the vehicle ahead is moving","When you can pass through it without stopping","When only part of your vehicle will have to wait"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The yellow box rule in article 29 allows straight-ahead entry only when your vehicle can clear the marked area without stopping.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 29(1) to (3), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(l)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-yellowbox-0006","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"yellow-box-junctions","stem":"A yellow box covers a level crossing. Its red lights are off, but a stopped queue blocks the far side. What must you do?","options":["Enter because the red lights are off","Enter and wait while the barriers remain raised","Enter if the queue moves a short distance","Wait until you can cross the box without stopping"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The level-crossing yellow box rule in article 31 prohibits total or partial entry unless you can clear the marked area without stopping.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 31(3), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(l)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-lights-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What must you do at a red traffic light when the junction is empty late at night?","options":["Stop before the stop line and wait","Proceed slowly after checking both directions","Move past the line to improve your view","Turn left after stopping if the road is clear"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The red-light rule in article 30 prohibits driving past the stop line, or past the lights where there is no line, while red is lit.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 30(1), (7)(a), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(g)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-lights-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What must you do when a red arrow points left and you want to turn left?","options":["Turn after stopping if no traffic is coming","Remain before the stop line","Move beyond the line to check the road","Turn if pedestrians are clear"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The red-light rule in article 30 treats a red directional arrow as a red light, so you must not pass the stop line.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 30(1), (7)(a), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(g)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-lights-0003","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What must you do when a light turns steady amber while you are well back from the stop line?","options":["Accelerate to cross before red appears","Continue because amber means proceed carefully","Stop before the line","Continue unless another vehicle is waiting"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The steady-amber rule in article 30 requires you to stop when you are far enough back to do so safely.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 30(2), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(g)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-lights-0004","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"May you continue when a light turns steady amber and you cannot stop safely before the line?","options":["Brake sharply and stop beyond the line","Reverse to a position before the line","Wait at the line until green appears","Continue through with care"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The steady-amber rule in article 30 permits you to continue when you are too close to the lights to stop safely before them.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 30(2), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(g)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-lights-0005","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You have a green light and are turning left, but a pedestrian has already started crossing the road you are entering. What must you do?","options":["Yield so the pedestrian is not endangered","Turn because green gives you priority at the junction","Sound the horn and continue","Proceed because the pedestrian must wait"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The green-light rule in article 30 permits movement only when no road user is endangered, and the junction yield rule still applies.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 30(3)(a), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(g)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-lights-0006","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You have a green light and want to turn right while an oncoming vehicle is going straight ahead. What should you do?","options":["Turn immediately because green gives full priority","Yield to the oncoming vehicle before turning","Move across its path so it has to stop","Wait for a red light before completing the turn"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The green-light rule in article 30 does not remove junction duties, so a right-turning driver must still yield to oncoming straight-ahead traffic.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 30(3)(a), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(g)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-lights-0007","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What does a lit green arrow pointing right permit you to do?","options":["Continue straight ahead as well as turn right","Use the movement only if you are driving a bus at the junction","Go right if you do not endanger another road user","Wait until the full green light appears"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The green-arrow rule in article 30 permits movement in the arrow's direction on the same safety and yielding conditions as a green light.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 30(3)(b), (7)(c), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(g)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-lights-0008","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A flashing amber arrow allows a left turn, and a cyclist is approaching the junction on the cycle track beside you. What must you do?","options":["Turn first because the cyclist must stop","Wait for a steady green arrow","Treat the flashing amber arrow as red","Yield to the cyclist before following the arrow"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The flashing-amber-arrow rule in article 30 permits the turn only subject to yielding to vehicles approaching on the adjacent cycle track.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 30(3)(c), (5), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(g)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-lights-0009","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Pedestrian crossing lights are flashing amber while one pedestrian is still halfway across. What should you do?","options":["Yield until the pedestrian has crossed","Proceed because flashing amber gives you priority","Sound the horn and continue slowly","Wait for green even after the crossing is empty"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The pedestrian-crossing flashing-amber rule in article 30 requires you to yield to anyone who has already started crossing.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 30(4), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(g)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-lights-0010","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"At a red light with a cyclist yield sign, a cyclist turns as the sign permits. You are driving or riding a motor vehicle. What applies to you?","options":["You may follow after yielding to the cyclist","You must remain stopped for the red light","Motorcycles and mopeds may use the same exception","You may go if no pedestrian is crossing"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The cyclist-yield exception in article 30 is limited to pedal cycles, e-mopeds, which are pedal-assisted electric bicycles, and e-scooters. Other motor vehicles must obey the red light.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 30(6), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(g)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-lights-0011","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Who must obey cycle traffic lights that show a bicycle symbol?","options":["Motorcyclists and moped riders","Every vehicle using the left lane","Pedal cyclists, e-moped users and e-scooter users","Only children riding pedal cycles"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The cycle-light rule in article 47B applies to pedal cyclists, e-moped users and e-scooter users, not to motorcycles or mopeds.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 47B, as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(q)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-parking-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"May you park beside double yellow lines outside closed shops on a Sunday evening?","options":["Yes, because the shops are closed","Yes, because the restriction ends on Sundays","Yes, for up to one hour","No, parking is prohibited there at all times"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The double-yellow-line rule in article 36 prohibits parking on that side of the road at any time, including evenings and Sundays.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 36(2)(a), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(m)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-parking-0003","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A plate beside a single yellow line shows restricted times from Monday to Saturday. You arrive during those times on Saturday. May you park?","options":["Yes, because single yellow lines apply only at night","No, the plated parking restriction is in force","Yes, because yellow-line rules do not apply on Saturdays","Yes, for up to one hour"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The single-yellow-line rule in article 37 prohibits parking during the restriction times displayed on the accompanying plate.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 37(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article37","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-parking-0004","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"An unmarked space is 3 metres from the corner of a side road. May you park there?","options":["Yes, because there are no yellow lines","Yes, if the side road is quiet","No, it is within 5 metres of the junction","Yes, if you leave room for traffic"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The junction-parking rule in article 36 prohibits parking within 5 metres of a road junction, whether or not yellow lines are present.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 36(2)(c), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(m)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-parking-0005","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What is the minimum distance from a road junction at which you may park?","options":["2 metres","10 metres","15 metres","5 metres"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The junction-parking rule in article 36 sets a 5 metre exclusion area around a road junction.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 36(2)(c), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(m)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-parking-0006","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"May you park on a two-lane rural road with a continuous white centre line and a wide shoulder?","options":["No, parking is prohibited on that stretch","Yes, if you leave room for traffic to pass","Yes, when there are no yellow lines","Yes, but only during daylight"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The continuous-centre-line parking rule in article 36 prohibits parking on a road with fewer than 3 lanes where that marking is present.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 36(2)(d), (n), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(m)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-parking-0007","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"May you park fully on a grass verge to keep a narrow carriageway clear?","options":["Yes, because the road is narrow","No, parking on a grass verge is prohibited","Yes, for up to 30 minutes","Yes, because a verge is different from a footpath"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The verge-parking rule in article 36 prohibits parking on a footpath, grass margin or median strip.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 36(2)(i), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(m)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-parking-0008","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You want to park across the vehicle entrance to a neighbour's driveway. When is this permitted?","options":["When you leave a phone number on the windscreen","When the driveway gate is closed","When the occupier has given consent","When you will stay for less than 30 minutes"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The vehicle-entrance rule in article 36 prohibits blocking access to premises unless the occupier has consented.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 36(2)(e), (f), (g), (k), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(m)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-parking-0009","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A parking sign with a plate limiting your stay allows 2 hours. After using the full period and leaving, when may you park in the same place again while the restriction applies?","options":["Immediately after moving away","After 30 minutes","Only on the following day","After at least 1 hour"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The limited-stay parking rule in article 37 prevents a vehicle returning to the same place within 1 hour while the restriction is operating.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 37(2), paragraph (b) as substituted by S.I. No. 239 of 2011, reg. 3(b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2011/si/239/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-parking-0010","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You park in a marked bay on a street governed by pay-parking terms. How must you leave your vehicle?","options":["Wholly within the bay while following the terms shown","With only the front wheels inside the bay","Across two bays when the vehicle is long","Anywhere nearby because the markings are guidance"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The marked-bay rule in article 37 requires a vehicle to remain within the bay limits and comply with the applicable parking terms.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 37(4), (5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article37","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-parking-0012","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You do not have a disabled person's parking permit and want to stop briefly in a disabled persons' bay while a passenger enters a shop. Is this allowed?","options":["Yes, for up to 5 minutes","Yes, if you remain in the vehicle","No, stopping as well as parking is prohibited","Yes, if the hazard warning lights are on"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The disabled-bay rule in article 44 prohibits both stopping and parking without the required permit displayed for the permit holder's convenience.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 44","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article44","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-parking-0013","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which vehicle may use an electric vehicle recharging bay?","options":["Any hybrid vehicle, whether plugged in or not","Any vehicle staying for less than 30 minutes","An electric vehicle that has finished charging","An electric vehicle while its battery is being recharged"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The recharging-bay rule in article 44B allows use only by an electric vehicle whose battery is actually being recharged.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 44B, inserted by S.I. No. 325 of 2014, reg. 2(b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2014/si/325/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-parking-0014","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Your vehicle breaks down beside double yellow lines. How long does the parking prohibition cease to apply?","options":["For the time needed to repair or remove the vehicle","For exactly 30 minutes","Until the end of the day","Only while a Garda is present"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The broken-down-vehicle exception in article 5 lifts the parking prohibition only for the time needed to repair or remove the vehicle.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 5(1), (2), (3), (6), as substituted by S.I. No. 274 of 1998, reg. 5","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1998/si/274/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-parking-0016","exams":["BW","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You park on a public road and plan to enter a shop while leaving the heater running. What must you do before leaving the vehicle unattended?","options":["Leave the engine running for no more than 2 minutes","Leave the hazard warning lights on","Switch off the engine and set the parking brake","Set the parking brake only when parked on a slope"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The unattended-vehicle rule in article 87 requires the engine to be off and the parking brake to be effectively set before you leave.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 87(1)(a), (3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html#article87","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-signals-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"When must you signal before slowing, stopping or changing course?","options":["Only when another road user is close behind","At the moment you begin the manoeuvre","Only at junctions controlled by traffic lights","In enough time for the signal to be clearly understood"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The signalling rule in article 18 requires a clear signal in sufficient time before you slow, stop or alter course.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 18(1), (3), (4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article18","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-signals-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A driver ahead extends the right arm with the palm down and moves it slowly up and down. What are they signalling?","options":["They intend to slow down or stop","They intend to turn right","They intend to turn left","They want you to overtake"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The hand-signal rule in article 18 and Table A assigns a slowly raised and lowered right arm to slowing down or stopping.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 18(1) and Second Schedule, Table A","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article18","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-signals-0004","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You want to tell a Garda on points duty that you intend to go straight ahead. Which hand signal should you give?","options":["Point one arm straight ahead","Wave one hand from side to side","Raise the forearm and hand with the palm facing forward","Flash the headlights twice"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The straight-ahead signal to a Garda in article 18 and Table B is an upward forearm and hand with the palm facing forward.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 18(2) and Second Schedule, Table B","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article18","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-signals-0005","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"The traffic lights show green, but a Garda controlling the junction directs you to stop. Which instruction takes priority?","options":["The green light because it is illuminated","The Garda's direction to stop","The instruction given by the driver behind","Whichever instruction you noticed first"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The Garda-direction rule in article 6 makes a Garda's traffic direction override a conflicting traffic-light requirement.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 6(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article6","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-signals-0006","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Who must comply with directions given by a Garda to control traffic?","options":["Drivers and pedestrians","Only drivers of motor cars","Only drivers near a marked patrol car","Drivers but not pedestrians"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The Garda-direction rule in article 6 requires both drivers and pedestrians to comply with directions used to regulate or control traffic.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 6(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article6","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-signals-0007","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A Garda on points duty faces you and raises the right arm fully above the shoulder. What must you do?","options":["Proceed in the direction the Garda is facing","Stop because you are approaching from the front","Continue because the signal applies only behind the Garda","Move into the lane nearest the Garda"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The Garda stop-signal rule in article 19 and Table C requires traffic and pedestrians approaching from the front to halt for the raised right arm.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 19, as substituted by S.I. No. 98 of 2003, reg. 4, and Second Schedule, Table C","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article19","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-signals-0008","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You approach a Garda from behind while the Garda holds the left arm horizontally. What does the signal require?","options":["Proceed past the Garda slowly","Turn into the lane being indicated","Stop because you are approaching from behind","Continue because only pedestrians at the junction must stop"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The Garda stop-signal rule in article 19 and Table C requires traffic and pedestrians approaching from behind to halt for the horizontal left arm.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 19, as substituted by S.I. No. 98 of 2003, reg. 4, and Second Schedule, Table C","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article19","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-levelcrossing-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Red lights are flashing at a level crossing, but the barrier is still raised and no train is visible. What must you do?","options":["Cross because the barrier is still raised","Slow down and cross after checking both ways","Cross because no train is visible","Stop before the stop line and do not pass it"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The flashing-red level-crossing rule in article 31 prohibits passing the stop line, barrier or lights while the red lamps flash.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 31(1), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(l)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-levelcrossing-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Red lights are flashing at a lifting bridge. What does the signal require you to do?","options":["Stop before the control point and remain there","Continue because the rule applies only to railways","Slow down and cross if the bridge appears closed","Proceed when no vessel is visible"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The flashing-red crossing rule in article 31 also controls lifting bridges, so you must not go past the relevant stop point.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 31(1), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(l)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-levelcrossing-0003","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A steady amber light comes on at a level crossing while you are far enough back to stop safely. What should you do?","options":["Accelerate across before the red lights begin","Stop before entering the crossing","Continue because amber means the barriers will rise","Cross slowly while checking for a train"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The level-crossing amber-light rule in regulation 46 requires a stop unless you are already too close to stop safely.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 46(4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-signlaw-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which item counts as a traffic sign in law?","options":["Only a sign mounted on a pole","Only a sign that contains words","A road marking painted on the road","Only a sign placed by the Gardaí at the roadside"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The traffic-sign definition in section 95 includes markings and signals as well as upright signs and other devices.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 1961 (No. 24 of 1961)","provision":"Section 95(1), definition of traffic sign, as substituted by Road Traffic and Roads Act 2023, s. 51(a)(iii)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2023/act/16/section/51/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-signlaw-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A driver accused of ignoring a no right turn sign says it may not have been lawfully placed. What presumption applies?","options":["The sign is valid only when a Garda is present","The charge fails whenever the sign looks faded","The prosecution must first produce the placement record in every case","The sign is presumed lawful unless the driver shows otherwise"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The traffic-sign presumption in section 95 treats a sign on or near a public road as lawfully provided unless the defendant proves otherwise.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 1961 (No. 24 of 1961)","provision":"Section 95(18)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1961/act/24/section/95/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-signlaw-0003","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A driver passes a 50 km/h sign and claims the true limit is higher. What presumption applies in a speeding case?","options":["The displayed limit is presumed to apply unless shown otherwise","The sign is guidance until a Garda confirms it","The usual road limit replaces the displayed limit","The sign applies only to heavy vehicles"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The displayed-speed presumption in section 47 treats the limit shown on the traffic sign as the road's limit unless the contrary is proved.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 1961 (No. 24 of 1961)","provision":"Section 47(2A), inserted by Road Traffic Act 2010, s. 76","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/25/section/76/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-signlaw-0004","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What does a prohibitory sign tell you?","options":["A hazard is ahead","A stated movement or action is forbidden","A route must be followed","A town lies in the direction shown"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The prohibitory-sign rule in regulation 14 identifies an action or movement that a vehicle must not make.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-signlaw-0005","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What does a mandatory sign tell you?","options":["An action you must not take","A hazard that may be ahead","A direction or route traffic must follow","The distance to the next town"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The mandatory-sign rule in regulation 4 gives a direction or route that traffic must follow, rather than a warning or prohibition.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-signlaw-0006","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What point does a stop line mark?","options":["The place where braking should begin","The edge of the major road","A waiting place used only in heavy traffic","The point you must not pass when stopping"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The stop-line rule in regulation 69 marks the point beyond which traffic must not proceed when required to stop.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulations 29(2), (4), 69(1) and 70(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-signlaw-0007","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A hatched merging and diverging area separates a slip lane from the main carriageway. May you drive into it?","options":["No, traffic must not enter the hatched area","Yes, if you can leave it without stopping","Yes, while waiting to turn right","Yes, when overtaking slower traffic"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The merging-and-diverging marking rule in regulation 73 marks an area of road that traffic must not enter.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulations 72(1) and 73(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-signlaw-0008","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"An electronic speed limit sign above your lane displays a lower limit than the usual limit for the road. Which limit applies?","options":["The usual limit for the road","The limit displayed above your lane","The displayed limit only for goods vehicles","Whichever limit nearby traffic follows"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The electronic-speed-sign rule in regulation 36 makes the displayed limit the legal limit for the lane while it is shown.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 36(1), (3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-signlaw-0009","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A road worker holds a STOP disc facing you at roadworks. What must you do?","options":["Slow down and pass the worker carefully","Stop, then go when the road looks clear","Stop before the disc and remain stopped while it is shown","Continue unless you are driving a heavy vehicle"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The roadworks STOP-disc rule in regulation 32 requires traffic to stop before the sign and remain stopped while it faces them.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 32(1), (3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u2-signlaw-0010","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What is the difference between a single yellow line and double yellow lines?","options":["Both prohibit parking at every time","A single line bans stopping while double lines ban parking","Double lines allow parking at night","A single line restricts parking at stated times while double lines prohibit it at all times"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The yellow-line meaning rule in regulations 62 and 63 distinguishes timed restrictions on a single line from an all-times parking ban on double lines.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulations 62(1) and 63(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u3-lights-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"The sun sets at 18:10. When do lighting-up hours begin that evening?","options":["18:40","18:10","19:10","17:40"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Lighting-up hours begin 30 minutes after sunset under the 1963 Lighting Regulations, article 3(1). They therefore begin at 18:40.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Lighting of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 189 of 1963)","provision":"Article 3(1), definition of lighting-up hours","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/189/made/en/html#article3","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u3-lights-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"Sunrise is at 07:50. At what time do lighting-up hours end that morning?","options":["07:50","07:20","06:50","08:20"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The 1963 Lighting Regulations, article 3(1), end lighting-up hours 30 minutes before sunrise. With sunrise at 07:50, the end time is 07:20.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Lighting of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 189 of 1963)","provision":"Article 3(1), definition of lighting-up hours","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/189/made/en/html#article3","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u3-lights-0003","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"On a winter afternoon, sunset is at 16:25. Which period marks the start of lighting-up hours?","options":["At 16:25 exactly","At 17:25","At 16:55","At 15:55"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Article 3(1) of the 1963 Lighting Regulations starts lighting-up hours half an hour after sunset. Half an hour after 16:25 is 16:55.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Lighting of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 189 of 1963)","provision":"Article 3(1), definition of lighting-up hours","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/189/made/en/html#article3","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u3-lights-0006","exams":["BW","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"At 23:00 during lighting-up hours, you drive on an unlit rural road. What does the law require of your headlamps?","options":["They are optional below 50 km/h","They must be lit while you are driving","They are needed only when another vehicle approaches","They may remain off if the side lamps are lit"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The 1963 Lighting Regulations, article 20(1)(b), require headlamps to be lit when the vehicle is being driven during lighting-up hours.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Lighting of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 189 of 1963)","provision":"Article 20(1)(b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/189/made/en/html#article20","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u3-lights-0007","exams":["BW","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"At 21:30 on a December evening you are driving on an unlit road during lighting-up hours. Which statement about headlamps is correct?","options":["They are needed only when you meet other traffic","They may be left off if the rear lamps are lit","They must be lit while the vehicle is being driven","They are required only above 50 km/h"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Article 20(1)(b) of the 1963 Lighting Regulations requires lit headlamps whenever the vehicle is being driven during lighting-up hours. The rear lamps are a separate duty under article 20(1)(a).","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Lighting of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 189 of 1963)","provision":"Article 20(1)(b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/189/made/en/html#article20","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u3-lights-0009","exams":["BW","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"Thick fog during daylight reduces visibility to night-time levels. Which lamps must you use?","options":["Side, rear and number plate lamps, plus headlamps where needed for safe driving","Hazard warning lights instead of the vehicle lamps","No lamps until lighting-up hours begin","Only the side lamps unless you are on a motorway"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The 1963 Lighting Regulations, article 20(2), require side, rear and number plate lamps in daytime visibility this poor, with headlamps where safe driving needs them.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Lighting of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 189 of 1963)","provision":"Article 20(2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/189/made/en/html#article20","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u3-lights-0010","exams":["BW","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"Very heavy daytime rain makes the road as dark as night. What lighting does article 20 require?","options":["Only hazard warning lights","Side, rear and number plate lamps, and headlamps if needed to drive safely","No lighting before sunset","Rear lamps only on roads above 50 km/h"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Article 20(2) of the 1963 Lighting Regulations applies when daytime visibility falls to night-time levels. It requires the listed lamps and headlamps where safety needs them.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Lighting of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 189 of 1963)","provision":"Article 20(2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/189/made/en/html#article20","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u3-lights-0011","exams":["BW","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"Before lighting-up hours, a winter storm makes the afternoon as dark as night. Which action meets the lighting rule?","options":["Wait until lighting-up hours before using any lamps","Use hazard warning lights in place of the required lamps","Light the side, rear and number plate lamps, adding headlamps where safe driving needs them","Use the lamps only if travelling on a motorway"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The daytime poor-visibility rule in the 1963 Lighting Regulations, article 20(2), requires these lamps even before lighting-up hours when conditions become as dark as night.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Lighting of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 189 of 1963)","provision":"Article 20(2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/189/made/en/html#article20","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u3-lights-0012","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"An oncoming vehicle appears while you are using full beam on a dark road. When should you dip your headlamps?","options":["Only after the other driver flashes","Once the vehicles are side by side","Only if the road has street lighting","In good time before your lights could dazzle the other road user"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The 1963 Lighting Regulations, article 49(2), require headlamps to be dipped in good time to avoid dazzle when meeting oncoming traffic.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Lighting of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 189 of 1963)","provision":"Article 49(2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/189/made/en/html#article49","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u3-lights-0013","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"At night you catch up and follow closely behind another vehicle while using full beam. What should you do?","options":["Dip the headlamps in good time so the driver ahead is not dazzled","Keep full beam because the driver ahead faces away","Dip only when the vehicle ahead brakes","Use full beam until you begin to overtake"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Article 49(2) of the 1963 Lighting Regulations requires dipping in good time when following closely, because full beam can dazzle the driver ahead.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Lighting of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 189 of 1963)","provision":"Article 49(2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/189/made/en/html#article49","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u3-lights-0014","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"What is the main timing rule for dipping full beam when it might dazzle another road user?","options":["Dip only when both vehicles have stopped","Dip in good time before dazzle is caused","Wait until the other road user signals","Dip only on roads with public lighting"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The 1963 Lighting Regulations, article 49(2), make avoiding dazzle the purpose of dipping and require the change to be made in good time.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Lighting of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 189 of 1963)","provision":"Article 49(2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/189/made/en/html#article49","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u3-lights-0015","exams":["BW","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"During lighting-up hours, dense fog covers a rural road. What may replace the headlamps?","options":["A single front fog lamp","Hazard warning lights","A correctly placed pair of fog lamps","Side lamps on their own"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The 1963 Lighting Regulations, article 20(1)(c), allow a correctly placed pair of fog lamps instead of headlamps during lighting-up hours in fog.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Lighting of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 189 of 1963)","provision":"Article 20(1)(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/189/made/en/html#article20","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u3-lights-0016","exams":["BW","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"Snow is falling heavily after dark during lighting-up hours. Which alternative to headlamps is permitted?","options":["One fog lamp anywhere on the front","A pair of fog lamps in any weather","Hazard warning lights with no other lighting","A correctly placed pair of fog lamps"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Article 20(1)(c) of the 1963 Lighting Regulations permits a correctly placed pair of fog lamps in place of headlamps while snow is falling during lighting-up hours.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Lighting of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 189 of 1963)","provision":"Article 20(1)(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/189/made/en/html#article20","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u3-belts-0015","exams":["BW","D"],"topic":"safe-driving-behaviour","stem":"A family boards a coach fitted with passenger seat belts. Who must use a belt or suitable child restraint?","options":["Only passengers in the front row","Only passengers travelling on a motorway","Adults only","Adults and children aged 3 or over"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The 2006 Safety Belts Regulations, regulation 9, require adults and children aged 3 or over on a bus or coach with fitted belts to use the belt or child restraint.","source":{"instrument":"European Communities (Compulsory Use of Safety Belts and Child Restraint Systems in Motor Vehicles) Regulations 2006 (S.I. No. 240 of 2006)","provision":"Regulation 9","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2006/si/240/made/en/html#partiii","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u3-belts-0017","exams":["BW","D"],"topic":"safe-driving-behaviour","stem":"A driver who was not wearing a seat belt pays the fixed charge. How many penalty points apply?","options":["2 penalty points","3 penalty points","5 penalty points","A fine with no penalty points"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The current Road Traffic Act 2002, Schedule 1, Part 7, applies 3 penalty points when the fixed charge is paid. The 5-point value applies on conviction.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2002 (No. 12 of 2002)","provision":"Schedule 1, Part 7, references 1 to 6, as substituted by Road Traffic Act 2014, section 10(f)","url":"https://revisedacts.lawreform.ie/eli/2002/act/12/revised/en/html#SCHED1-PARTVII","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u3-hazard-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"You approach a blind bend on a narrow local road with a 60 km/h limit. How should you choose your speed?","options":["Stay exactly 10 km/h below the limit","Drive at 60 km/h if no vehicle is visible","Use a speed that lets you stop within the clear distance you can see","Keep to the limit as long as your lights are on"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The Traffic and Parking Regulations 1997, article 7, require a speed that allows you to stop within the clear distance visible. The limit is a maximum, not a target.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 7","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article7","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u3-hazard-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"At night on an unlit road, your dipped headlamps show only a limited clear distance. What speed is lawful?","options":["The posted limit even if you could not stop in the lit distance","Any speed if no other lights are visible","Exactly 10 km/h below the posted limit","A speed that allows you to stop within the clear distance you can see"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Article 7 of the Traffic and Parking Regulations 1997 requires you to be able to stop within the visible clear distance. A speed limit is a maximum, not a target.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 7","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article7","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u3-hazard-0003","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"Thick fog sharply reduces how far ahead you can see. What does the legal speed rule require?","options":["Slow enough to stop within the clear distance visible ahead","Travel at the limit if using lights","Remain 10 km/h below the limit","Use the same speed as traffic behind you"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The Traffic and Parking Regulations 1997, article 7, require you to stop within the clear distance you can see. In fog that may mean well below the maximum limit.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 7","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article7","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u3-hazard-0004","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"As you approach the crest of a hill, the road beyond is hidden. Which speed choice follows the law?","options":["The posted limit because the road ahead looks empty","A speed that lets you stop within the section of road you can see to be clear","Ten kilometres per hour below the limit in every case","Any speed if you sound the horn"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Article 7 of the Traffic and Parking Regulations 1997 requires a speed that permits a stop within the clear visible distance. The limit remains a maximum, not a target.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 7","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article7","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u3-hazard-0005","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"In dry conditions you leave a two-second following gap. What minimum gap does RSA advice give for a wet road?","options":["Two seconds","Three seconds","At least four seconds","The same gap as the road user behind"],"correct":2,"explanation":"RSA advice says to at least double the dry two-second gap in wet conditions, giving a gap of at least four seconds. This is advice, not a legal rule.","source":{"instrument":"Rules of the Road, Road Safety Authority, Revision No. 9, May 2026 (guidance, not law)","provision":"The two-second rule, PDF page 117 (printed page 115)","url":"https://www.rsa.ie/docs/default-source/road-safety/r1---rules-of-the-road/ruleoftheroad_book-for-web.pdf?sfvrsn=b5d57830_8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u3-hazard-0006","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"Snow or ice makes the road slippery. How should your following gap compare with the gap used in wet weather?","options":["Use the dry two-second gap","Add exactly one second","Match the gap left by the road user behind","Leave a much longer gap than you would in the wet"],"correct":3,"explanation":"RSA advice calls for a much longer following gap in snow, fog or ice than in the wet: count the two-second gap four or five times over instead of twice. This is RSA advice, not a legal rule.","source":{"instrument":"Rules of the Road, Road Safety Authority, Revision No. 9, May 2026 (guidance, not law)","provision":"The two-second rule, PDF page 117 (printed page 115)","url":"https://www.rsa.ie/docs/default-source/road-safety/r1---rules-of-the-road/ruleoftheroad_book-for-web.pdf?sfvrsn=b5d57830_8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u4-licence-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What must you hold before driving a motor vehicle in a public place?","options":["A driving licence or learner permit covering that vehicle category","Motor tax and insurance, even without a licence or permit","A full driving licence for any vehicle category","A licence or permit only when making a long journey"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Under section 38(1) of the Road Traffic Act 1961 you may not drive a mechanically propelled vehicle in a public place unless you hold a licence that covers that vehicle, and a learner permit licenses a learner to drive the category named on it. Motor tax and insurance are separate duties, and a licence for another category does not cover the vehicle you are driving.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 1961 (No. 24 of 1961)","provision":"Section 38(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1961/act/24/section/38/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u4-licence-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You drive while disqualified and are convicted. What penalty can the court impose?","options":["Penalty points with no fine or prison sentence","A fine of up to €5,000, up to 6 months in prison, or both","A fine of up to €1,000 with no prison sentence","Up to 3 months in prison with no fine"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Section 12 of the Road Traffic Act 2006 sets the penalty for driving while disqualified at a fine of up to €5,000, imprisonment for up to 6 months, or both.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2006 (No. 23 of 2006)","provision":"Section 12, substituting section 38 of the Road Traffic Act 1961 (subsection (5))","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2006/act/23/section/12/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u4-licence-0003","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A Garda asks for your driving licence at the roadside, but it is at home. What must you do?","options":["Produce it at any Garda station within 28 days","Produce it only if a court later asks for it","Produce it within 10 days at a Garda station you name","Produce it at the nearest Garda station within 7 days"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Section 40 of the Road Traffic Act 1961, as substituted by section 59 of the Road Traffic Act 2010, allows 10 days to produce the licence at a Garda station chosen by you.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010)","provision":"Section 59(1), substituting section 40 of the Road Traffic Act 1961 (subsections (1), (2) and (4)(a))","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/25/section/59/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u4-insurance-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You want to move your vehicle a short distance in a public place, but no insurance policy is in force. What applies?","options":["Insurance is needed only when travelling more than 1 km","Insurance is unnecessary if the vehicle is taxed","An approved insurance policy is required for any use in a public place","Insurance is required only when using a public road"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Section 56(1) of the Road Traffic Act 1961 requires an approved policy of insurance whenever a vehicle is used in a public place, regardless of the distance travelled.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 1961 (No. 24 of 1961)","provision":"Section 56(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1961/act/24/section/56/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u4-insurance-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A Garda demands your insurance certificate during a journey, and you do not have it with you. What is required?","options":["Ask the insurer to send it directly to the Gardaí","Show it at the roadside within 21 days","Take it to the nearest Garda station within 7 days","Produce it within ten days at a Garda station you name"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Section 69(1)(a) of the Road Traffic Act 1961 gives you ten days from the demand to produce the insurance certificate at a Garda station named by you.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 1961 (No. 24 of 1961)","provision":"Section 69(1)(a)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1961/act/24/section/69/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u4-novice-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"learner-and-novice-rules","stem":"When does your 2 year novice period begin?","options":["When your first learner permit is issued","On the day you pass the driving test","When your first full driving licence is issued","When you first display N plates"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Section 3(1) of the Road Traffic Act 2014 starts the 2 year novice period when the first full driving licence is issued, not when the driving test is passed.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2014 (No. 3 of 2014)","provision":"Section 3(1) and (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2014/act/3/section/3/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u4-novice-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"learner-and-novice-rules","stem":"You are disqualified for part of your 2 year novice period. How does that time affect the novice period?","options":["It counts normally and the end date stays unchanged","It shortens the novice period by the same amount","It ends the novice period immediately","It does not count, so the novice period is extended"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Section 3(2) of the Road Traffic Act 2014 excludes time spent disqualified or without a licence from the 2 year novice period, which extends the period by that time.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2014 (No. 3 of 2014)","provision":"Section 3(1) and (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2014/act/3/section/3/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u4-novice-0006","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"learner-and-novice-rules","stem":"You are still in the 2 years after receiving your first full driving licence and display N plates. What blood alcohol limit applies?","options":["50 mg per 100 ml of blood","80 mg per 100 ml of blood","No measurable alcohol at all","20 mg per 100 ml of blood"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Section 4(2)(b), (3)(b) and (4)(b) of the Road Traffic Act 2010 sets the specified-person blood alcohol limit at 20 mg per 100 ml throughout the novice period.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010)","provision":"Section 4(2)(b), (3)(b) and (4)(b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/25/section/4/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u4-points-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"penalty-points","stem":"How do penalty points normally differ when you pay a fixed charge instead of being convicted in court?","options":["The fixed charge gives the lower points and conviction gives the higher points","Both outcomes always give the same points","Paying the fixed charge means no points","A court conviction always gives exactly twice the points listed for paying the fixed charge"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Section 2(1) and (2) of the Road Traffic Act 2002 provides for the lower listed points when a fixed charge is paid and the higher listed points after a court conviction.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2002 (No. 12 of 2002)","provision":"Section 2(1) and (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2002/act/12/section/2/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u4-points-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"penalty-points","stem":"How long do penalty points remain on your licence record?","options":["1 year","3 years","2 years","5 years"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Section 4 of the Road Traffic Act 2002 provides that penalty points remain on the licence record for a period of 3 years.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2002 (No. 12 of 2002)","provision":"Section 4","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2002/act/12/section/4/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u4-points-0003","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"penalty-points","stem":"Penalty points were added to your record and you have received none since. When do those points come off the record?","options":["After 1 year from the offence","When the driving licence next expires","After 3 years from when they went on","Only after a court application"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Section 4 of the Road Traffic Act 2002 keeps penalty points on the licence record for 3 years, counted from the date those points take effect, and the Minister then removes them. They do not fall away when the licence is renewed and no court application is needed.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2002 (No. 12 of 2002)","provision":"Section 4","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2002/act/12/section/4/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u4-points-0004","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"penalty-points","stem":"At what total is a fully licensed driver who is neither a learner nor a novice automatically disqualified?","options":["7 penalty points","9 penalty points","10 penalty points","12 penalty points"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Section 3(1)(a) of the Road Traffic Act 2002, as substituted by section 8 of the Road Traffic Act 2014, sets the disqualification threshold for such a driver at 12 points.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2014 (No. 3 of 2014)","provision":"Section 8(c), substituting section 3(1)(a) of the Road Traffic Act 2002","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2014/act/3/section/8/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u4-points-0005","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"penalty-points","stem":"How long is the automatic disqualification when a fully licensed driver who is not a learner or novice reaches 12 points?","options":["6 months","3 months","9 months","12 months"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Section 3(1)(a) of the Road Traffic Act 2002, as substituted by section 8 of the Road Traffic Act 2014, sets a 6 month disqualification when this driver reaches 12 points.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2014 (No. 3 of 2014)","provision":"Section 8(c), substituting section 3(1)(a) of the Road Traffic Act 2002","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2014/act/3/section/8/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u4-points-0007","exams":["BW","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"penalty-points","stem":"During the 2 years after your first full driving licence, what penalty point total causes automatic disqualification?","options":["10 penalty points","12 penalty points","7 penalty points","15 penalty points"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Section 3(1)(b) of the Road Traffic Act 2002, as substituted by section 8 of the Road Traffic Act 2014, applies the lower 7 point threshold throughout the novice period.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2014 (No. 3 of 2014)","provision":"Section 8(c), substituting section 3(1)(b) of the Road Traffic Act 2002","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2014/act/3/section/8/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u4-points-0009","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"penalty-points","stem":"You are caught speeding and pay the fixed charge. Which penalty points apply, compared with a court conviction?","options":["3 points on a fixed charge and 5 on conviction","2 points on a fixed charge and 4 on conviction","4 points on a fixed charge and 6 on conviction","5 points on a fixed charge and 7 on conviction"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Section 10(a) of the Road Traffic Act 2014 sets the speeding values at 3 points when the fixed charge is paid and 5 points following conviction.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2014 (No. 3 of 2014)","provision":"Section 10(a), setting the points for Road Traffic Act 2002, Schedule 1, Part 1, reference 7 (exceeding a speed limit)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2014/act/3/section/10/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u4-points-0010","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"penalty-points","stem":"A driver is caught holding a mobile phone while driving. Which penalty point values apply?","options":["2 points on a fixed charge and 4 on conviction","3 points on a fixed charge and 5 on conviction","1 point on a fixed charge and 3 on conviction","5 points on a fixed charge and 7 on conviction"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Section 10(a) of the Road Traffic Act 2014 sets the points for this mobile phone offence at 3 on payment of the fixed charge and 5 on conviction.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2014 (No. 3 of 2014)","provision":"Section 10(a), setting the points for Road Traffic Act 2002, Schedule 1, Part 1, reference 18 (driving while holding a mobile phone)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2014/act/3/section/10/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u4-points-0011","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"penalty-points","stem":"You are convicted of using a vehicle without insurance. Which penalty point rule applies?","options":["3 points on conviction with no fixed charge option","4 points on conviction with no fixed charge option","5 points on conviction with no fixed charge option","12 points on conviction with no fixed charge option"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Schedule 1, Part 1, reference 12 of the Road Traffic Act 2002 assigns 5 points on conviction for using a vehicle without insurance and provides no fixed charge option.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2002 (No. 12 of 2002)","provision":"Schedule 1, Part 1, reference 12 (using a vehicle without insurance)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2002/act/12/schedule/1/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u4-points-0015","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"penalty-points","stem":"A novice driver fails to display the required N plate or tabard. Which penalty points apply?","options":["3 points on a fixed charge and 5 on conviction","No points on a fixed charge and no points on conviction","2 points on a fixed charge and 4 on conviction","7 points on a fixed charge and 12 on conviction"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Section 10(b) of the Road Traffic Act 2014 sets the points for failing to display an N plate or tabard at 2 on payment of a fixed charge and 4 on conviction.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2014 (No. 3 of 2014)","provision":"Section 10(b), inserting Road Traffic Act 2002, Schedule 1, Part 1A, reference 1 (failure to display N plate or tabard)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2014/act/3/section/10/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u4-points-0016","exams":["BW","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"penalty-points","stem":"A driver is found not wearing a seat belt. Which penalty point values apply?","options":["2 points on a fixed charge and 4 on conviction","1 point on a fixed charge and 3 on conviction","No points on a fixed charge and no points on conviction","3 points on a fixed charge and 5 on conviction"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Section 10(f) of the Road Traffic Act 2014 sets the safety belt offence at 3 points when the fixed charge is paid and 5 points following conviction.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2014 (No. 3 of 2014)","provision":"Section 10(f), setting the points for Road Traffic Act 2002, Schedule 1, Part 7, references 1 to 6 (safety belts and child restraints)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2014/act/3/section/10/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u4-points-0017","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","lesson":"penalty-points","stem":"A vehicle is used with defective or worn tyres. Which penalty point values apply?","options":["2 points on a fixed charge and 4 on conviction","3 points on a fixed charge and 5 on conviction","5 points on a fixed charge and 7 on conviction","No points on a fixed charge and no points on conviction"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Section 54(d) of the Road Traffic Act 2010 sets the defective or worn tyre offence at 2 points on payment of a fixed charge and 4 points on conviction.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010)","provision":"Section 54(d), inserting Road Traffic Act 2002, Schedule 1, Part 9, reference 3 (defective or worn tyres)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/25/section/54/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u4-roadworthy-0007","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"safe-driving-behaviour","stem":"Which tyre condition is enough on its own to make the tyre illegal?","options":["A clean tread with the correct pressure","A mark that does not reach the tyre ply","A shallow surface scratch with no exposed cord and no damage beneath it","A bulge, tear, exposed cord, or qualifying cut that reaches the ply"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 55(1)(a) to (e) and (h) of the Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 2003 makes any listed defect sufficient, including a bulge, tear, exposed ply or cord, or a cut reaching the ply that exceeds 25 mm or 10 per cent of section width.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 2003 (S.I. No. 5 of 2003)","provision":"Regulation 55(1)(a) to (e) and (h)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2003/si/5/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0005","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"When can an alcohol concentration be used for the drink driving limits after a person drove?","options":["When it is found within 3 hours after driving","Only when it is found while the vehicle is moving","Only when it is found within 30 minutes after driving","Whenever it is found on the following day"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 4 provides that the concentration counts when it is found within 3 hours after driving.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010)","provision":"Section 4(2)(a), (3)(a) and (4)(a)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/25/section/4/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0009","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"What urine alcohol limit applies to a specified person?","options":["27 mg per 100 ml of urine","20 mg per 100 ml of urine","50 mg per 100 ml of urine","67 mg per 100 ml of urine"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 4 sets the specified-person urine limit at 27 mg per 100 ml of urine.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010)","provision":"Section 4(2)(b), (3)(b) and (4)(b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/25/section/4/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0010","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"What breath alcohol limit applies to a specified person?","options":["22 microgrammes per 100 ml of breath","9 microgrammes per 100 ml of breath","27 microgrammes per 100 ml of breath","50 microgrammes per 100 ml of breath"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 4 sets the specified-person breath limit at 9 microgrammes per 100 ml of breath.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010)","provision":"Section 4(2)(b), (3)(b) and (4)(b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/25/section/4/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0011","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"Does Irish law set a zero blood alcohol limit for learner and newly licensed drivers?","options":["Yes, any trace of alcohol breaks the limit","Yes, but only for learner permit holders","No, it sets 20 mg per 100 ml of blood","No, it sets 50 mg per 100 ml of blood"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 4 sets a lower limit of 20 mg per 100 ml of blood for specified persons, rather than zero.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010)","provision":"Section 4(2)(b), (3)(b) and (4)(b)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/25/section/4/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0015","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"A category D licence holder is driving a bus. Which drink-limit group applies?","options":["The group for any full licence held for years","The group for drivers over 70 only","The specified-person group","The group for supervising passengers"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 3 places a category D licence holder in the specified-person group while driving a bus.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010), as amended by the Road Traffic (No. 2) Act 2011 (No. 28 of 2011)","provision":"Section 3(1), definition of specified person","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2011/act/28/section/9/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0017","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"A person drives a vehicle without holding a licence for that vehicle. Which drink-limit group applies?","options":["The specified-person group","The experienced-driver group","No drink limit applies","The passenger limit applies"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 3 defines a person driving without a licence for that vehicle as a specified person.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010), as amended by the Road Traffic (No. 2) Act 2011 (No. 28 of 2011)","provision":"Section 3(1), definition of specified person","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2011/act/28/section/9/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0019","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"A person over the alcohol limit sits in the driver's seat on a public street, holds the keys and plans to drive home. Has an offence already occurred?","options":["No, because the car has not moved","No, unless the engine is running","Yes, being in charge with intent to drive is enough","Yes, but only after entering a motorway"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 5 makes being in charge in a public place with intent to drive an offence when over the limit.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010)","provision":"Section 5","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/25/section/5/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0020","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"A driver is 1 year into a first full licence and is in charge of a car in a public place, intending to drive, with 35 mg per 100 ml of blood. What applies?","options":["No offence, because 35 mg is below 50 mg","No offence, because the vehicle is stationary","Only the experienced-driver limit applies","It is an offence under the specified-person limit"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 5 applies the same limits when in charge with intent to drive, so the 20 mg specified-person limit applies.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010)","provision":"Section 5","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/25/section/5/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0022","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"What is the maximum fine a court may impose for drink or drug driving under section 4?","options":["€1,000","€5,000","€2,500","€10,000"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 4 sets the maximum fine on conviction at €5,000.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010)","provision":"Section 4(5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/25/section/4/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0023","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"What is the maximum prison term on conviction for drink or drug driving under section 4?","options":["3 months","12 months","6 months","2 years"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 4 sets a maximum of 6 months in prison, and the court may also impose a fine.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010)","provision":"Section 4(5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/25/section/4/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0024","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"A driver is 18 months into a first full licence and records 45 mg per 100 ml of blood. What fixed penalty may be offered?","options":["€400 and 6 months disqualification","€200 and 3 penalty points","€80 and 1 month disqualification","€200 and 3 months disqualification"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 29 sets €200 and 3 months disqualification for this specified-person fixed penalty band.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010), as amended by the Road Traffic (Amendment) Act 2018 (No. 18 of 2018)","provision":"Section 29(1), (2), (7) and (8)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2018/act/18/section/2/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0026","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"What driving consequence does a current lower-level drink driving fixed penalty notice carry?","options":["Three penalty points only","A period of disqualification","A warning without disqualification","A theory test retake only"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 29 provides for disqualification; penalty points were replaced for these notices in October 2018.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010), as amended by the Road Traffic (Amendment) Act 2018 (No. 18 of 2018)","provision":"Section 29(1), (2), (7) and (8)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2018/act/18/section/2/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0027","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"A driver tests below the measured alcohol limit but drink has left the driver unable to control the car properly. Is this an offence?","options":["No, because only the measured limit matters","No, unless a collision occurs","Yes, inability to control the car is enough","Yes, but only on a motorway"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 4 makes it an offence to drive while affected by an intoxicant so that proper control is lost.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010)","provision":"Section 4(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/25/section/4/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0028","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"A drug leaves a driver unable to control a car properly. Can the impaired-driving offence apply?","options":["No, it applies only to alcohol","No, unless alcohol is also present","Only if the driver exceeds an alcohol limit","Yes, drugs are included as intoxicants"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 4 covers alcohol, drugs or both when an intoxicant makes a driver unable to control the vehicle.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010)","provision":"Section 4(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/25/section/4/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0029","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"A driver's blood contains cannabis at or above the set level, but the driving appeared normal. Can the set-level offence apply?","options":["Yes, proof of impaired driving is not required","No, poor control must always be proved","No, unless alcohol is also present","Yes, but only after a collision"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 4 provides a set-level drug offence that does not depend on proof that driving was impaired.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010), as amended by the Road Traffic Act 2016 (No. 21 of 2016)","provision":"Section 4(1A) and (1B)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/act/21/section/8/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0030","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"For which set-level drug can a medical exemption certificate provide a defence when it was taken as prescribed?","options":["Cocaine","Cannabis","Heroin","Every specified drug"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 4 provides this certificate defence only for cannabis taken as prescribed, not cocaine or heroin.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010), as amended by the Road Traffic Act 2016 (No. 21 of 2016)","provision":"Section 4(1A) and (1B)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/act/21/section/8/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0031","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"When can a set drug level found in blood count for the set-level driving offence?","options":["Only while the vehicle is moving","Only within 30 minutes after driving","When found within 3 hours after driving","At any time during the following week"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 4 provides that the set drug level counts when found within 3 hours after driving.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010), as amended by the Road Traffic Act 2016 (No. 21 of 2016)","provision":"Section 4(1A) and (1B)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/act/21/section/8/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0032","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"What is the set level for delta 9 THC from cannabis in whole blood?","options":["5 ng per ml","10 ng per ml","20 ng per ml","1 ng per ml"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The schedule to the Road Traffic Act 2010 sets the delta 9 THC level at 1 ng per ml of whole blood.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010), as amended by the Road Traffic Act 2016 (No. 21 of 2016)","provision":"Schedule, specified drugs and levels","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/act/21/section/8/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0033","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"What is the set level for cocaine in whole blood?","options":["10 ng per ml","1 ng per ml","5 ng per ml","50 ng per ml"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The schedule to the Road Traffic Act 2010 sets the cocaine level at 10 ng per ml of whole blood.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010), as amended by the Road Traffic Act 2016 (No. 21 of 2016)","provision":"Schedule, specified drugs and levels","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/act/21/section/8/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0034","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"After a collision in which a person is injured and needs medical help, which preliminary specimens must a Garda require from the driver?","options":["A blood specimen and a urine specimen","A breath specimen and an oral fluid specimen","A urine specimen and a hair specimen","A breath specimen only"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 9 requires preliminary breath and oral fluid specimens after an injury collision.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010), as amended by the Road Traffic Act 2016 (No. 21 of 2016) and the Road Traffic Act 2024 (No. 10 of 2024)","provision":"Section 9(1), (2), (2A), (2C) and (3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/act/21/section/10/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0035","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"A Garda is of the opinion that a driver has consumed an intoxicant. What must the Garda require?","options":["A driving lesson before continuing","A written statement from a passenger","Preliminary breath and oral fluid tests","A vehicle inspection only"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 9 requires preliminary breath and oral fluid tests where a Garda forms that opinion.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010), as amended by the Road Traffic Act 2016 (No. 21 of 2016) and the Road Traffic Act 2024 (No. 10 of 2024)","provision":"Section 9(1), (2), (2A), (2C) and (3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/act/21/section/10/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0036","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"May a driver lawfully refuse a required roadside preliminary breath test?","options":["Yes, if the journey was short","Yes, if no collision occurred","Yes, if the driver feels well","No, refusal is an offence"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 9 makes refusal of a required roadside preliminary breath test an offence.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010), as amended by the Road Traffic Act 2016 (No. 21 of 2016) and the Road Traffic Act 2024 (No. 10 of 2024)","provision":"Section 9(1), (2), (2A), (2C) and (3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/act/21/section/10/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0037","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"At an authorised testing checkpoint, can a driver who has done nothing wrong be required to give specimens?","options":["Yes, breath and oral fluid specimens may be required","No, suspicion of an offence is always needed","No, only drivers involved in a collision may be tested","Yes, but only a urine specimen may be required"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 10 allows any vehicle to be stopped at an authorised checkpoint and its driver to be tested.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010), as amended by the Road Traffic Act 2016 (No. 21 of 2016)","provision":"Section 10(2), (3), (4), (4A) and (6)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/act/21/section/11/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-drink-0038","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"drink-and-drug-driving","stem":"Who must authorise a mandatory testing checkpoint, and how?","options":["Any Garda, verbally at the roadside","A Garda of inspector rank or higher, in writing","A judge, by a court order","A local authority, by public notice"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2010, section 10 requires written authorisation by a Garda of inspector rank or higher.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2010 (No. 25 of 2010), as amended by the Road Traffic Act 2016 (No. 21 of 2016)","provision":"Section 10(2), (3), (4), (4A) and (6)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/act/21/section/11/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-stopping-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"stopping-distances","stem":"Thick fog limits how far a driver can see on a national road. How should the driver choose a speed?","options":["Drive slowly enough to stop within the clear distance ahead","Keep at the posted limit until traffic slows","Use hazard lights and keep the same speed","Keep a two-second gap and ignore visibility"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Traffic and Parking Regulations 1997, Article 7 requires a speed that allows the driver to stop within the distance seen to be clear.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 7","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article7","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-stopping-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"stopping-distances","stem":"At night on a narrow local road, a blind bend hides the road ahead. What does the 60 km/h default limit mean for the driver's speed?","options":["The driver should always travel at 60 km/h","It is a maximum, and the driver must be able to stop in the clear distance","It applies only after the blind bend","The driver may exceed it when the road is quiet"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Traffic and Parking Regulations 1997, Article 7 requires a safe stopping distance within view; the speed limit is not a target.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 7","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article7","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-stopping-0003","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"stopping-distances","stem":"What does Article 7 require when a driver chooses a speed?","options":["A fixed two-second following gap","The posted limit in every condition","The ability to stop within the distance visible and clear","Hazard lights whenever visibility falls"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Traffic and Parking Regulations 1997, Article 7 ties speed to the distance ahead that the driver can see to be clear.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 7","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article7","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-stopping-0017","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"stopping-distances","stem":"What following gap does RSA guidance advise on a dry road?","options":["At least two seconds","Exactly one second","One car length at every speed","A fixed distance of 10 metres"],"correct":0,"explanation":"RSA guidance in the Rules of the Road advises a gap of at least two seconds behind the vehicle in front in dry conditions.","source":{"instrument":"Rules of the Road, Road Safety Authority, Revision No. 9, May 2026 (guidance, not law)","provision":"Following distance guidance, PDF page 117","url":"https://www.rsa.ie/docs/default-source/road-safety/r1---rules-of-the-road/ruleoftheroad_book-for-web.pdf?sfvrsn=b5d57830_8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u5-stopping-0018","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"stopping-distances","stem":"What following gap does RSA guidance advise on a wet road?","options":["At least two seconds","At least four seconds","Exactly three seconds","A fixed distance of 20 metres"],"correct":1,"explanation":"RSA guidance in the Rules of the Road advises at least double the dry gap in wet conditions, giving at least four seconds.","source":{"instrument":"Rules of the Road, Road Safety Authority, Revision No. 9, May 2026 (guidance, not law)","provision":"Following distance guidance, PDF page 117","url":"https://www.rsa.ie/docs/default-source/road-safety/r1---rules-of-the-road/ruleoftheroad_book-for-web.pdf?sfvrsn=b5d57830_8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u5-stopping-0019","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","lesson":"stopping-distances","stem":"How should a following gap change when snow or ice makes conditions worse than a wet road?","options":["Reduce it to two seconds","Keep it at four seconds exactly","Make it longer than the wet-road gap","Use one car length for every 10 km/h"],"correct":2,"explanation":"RSA guidance in the Rules of the Road advises a longer gap in snow or ice than in wet conditions, without fixing a number here.","source":{"instrument":"Rules of the Road, Road Safety Authority, Revision No. 9, May 2026 (guidance, not law)","provision":"Following distance guidance, PDF page 117","url":"https://www.rsa.ie/docs/default-source/road-safety/r1---rules-of-the-road/ruleoftheroad_book-for-web.pdf?sfvrsn=b5d57830_8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u5-phone-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","stem":"A driver holds a mobile phone to an ear to take a call while driving in a public place. Is this allowed?","options":["No, holding the phone while driving is an offence","Yes, if the call lasts less than a minute","Yes, if traffic is moving slowly","No, but only when driving on a motorway"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2006, section 3 prohibits holding a mobile phone while driving in a public place.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2006 (No. 23 of 2006)","provision":"Section 3(1), (3), (7) and (9)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2006/act/23/section/3/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-phone-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","stem":"A driver wedges a mobile phone between shoulder and ear while driving. Does this count as holding it?","options":["No, because neither hand touches it","Yes, supporting it with the body counts as holding","No, if the driver keeps both hands on the wheel","Yes, but only while the phone is ringing"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2006, section 3 treats supporting or cradling a mobile phone with another part of the body as holding it.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2006 (No. 23 of 2006)","provision":"Section 3(1), (3), (7) and (9)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2006/act/23/section/3/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-phone-0004","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","stem":"When does the mobile phone holding rule provide a defence for a driver?","options":["When calling a friend about a delay","When checking the time in slow traffic","When accepting a brief work call","When contacting emergency services in a genuine emergency"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2006, section 3 provides a defence when the phone is used to contact emergency services in a genuine emergency.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2006 (No. 23 of 2006)","provision":"Section 3(1), (3), (7) and (9)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2006/act/23/section/3/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-phone-0005","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","stem":"A mobile phone rests on a driver's lap while the driver reads its screen. Does this count as holding the phone?","options":["Yes, the body is supporting the phone","No, because the driver's hands are free","No, if the message is short","Yes, but only when travelling above 50 km/h"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2006, section 3 includes supporting a mobile phone with another part of the body, so a phone on the lap is held.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2006 (No. 23 of 2006)","provision":"Section 3(1), (3), (7) and (9)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2006/act/23/section/3/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-phone-0006","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"risk-perception","stem":"A driver is crawling in a slow queue of traffic. May the driver hold a mobile phone?","options":["Yes, because the traffic is below walking speed","No, the holding ban still applies while driving","Yes, if the vehicle ahead has stopped","No, but only during a phone call"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Road Traffic Act 2006, section 3 prohibits holding a mobile phone while driving, and slow queueing traffic does not remove that rule.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 2006 (No. 23 of 2006)","provision":"Section 3(1), (3), (7) and (9)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2006/act/23/section/3/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-eco-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"eco-driving","stem":"When may a driver sound the horn under the vehicle equipment rules?","options":["To greet a friend beside the road","To tell a driver that traffic lights have changed","Only when reasonably necessary for safety","To announce arrival outside a house"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Vehicle Equipment and Use Regulations 1963, Article 86 permits horn use only when it is reasonably necessary for safety.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 86(1) and (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html#article86","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-eco-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"eco-driving","stem":"A driver sounds the horn at a slow driver ahead out of annoyance. Is that a lawful use?","options":["Yes, if the delay lasts a minute","Yes, if the road ahead is clear","Yes, provided it is sounded only once","No, annoyance is not a safety reason"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Vehicle Equipment and Use Regulations 1963, Article 86 restricts horn use to a reason reasonably necessary for safety.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 86(1) and (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html#article86","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-eco-0003","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"eco-driving","stem":"A pedestrian who has not seen an approaching vehicle is about to step into its path. What does the horn rule expect the driver to do?","options":["Sound the horn to warn the pedestrian","Sound the horn only after passing","Avoid using the horn for any reason","Sound the horn to express annoyance"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Vehicle Equipment and Use Regulations 1963, Article 86 requires horn use to warn others when that is reasonably necessary for safety.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 86(1) and (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html#article86","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u5-eco-0004","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"eco-driving","stem":"On certain roads, when does the night-time restriction on sounding a horn apply, apart from emergency service use or avoiding immediate danger?","options":["From 10 pm to 6 am","From 11.30 pm to 7 am","From midnight to 8 am","From 9 pm to 7 am"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Vehicle Equipment and Use Regulations 1963, Article 86 sets the restriction from 11.30 pm to 7 am, subject to those exceptions.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction, Equipment and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 1963 (S.I. No. 190 of 1963)","provision":"Article 86(3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/si/190/made/en/html#article86","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-crossing-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"You are approaching a zebra crossing. A pedestrian is standing at the kerb beside the stripes, looking to cross. What must you do?","options":["Sound the horn and continue if they have not yet stepped off","Yield to the pedestrian who is waiting to cross","Continue, because you only yield once someone is on the stripes","Yield only if the crossing has flashing beacons"],"correct":1,"explanation":"A person at the kerb of a zebra crossing who is clearly waiting to cross already has priority, so you must yield before they step onto the stripes. Article 8(6A) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 puts that duty on the driver, not a courtesy once they are on the road.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 8(6) and (6A), as substituted and inserted by S.I. No. 222 of 2024, reg. 4(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2024/si/222/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-crossing-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"A pedestrian is already on the far half of a zebra crossing as you approach. What does the law require?","options":["Drive on, because they have already passed the centre of the road","Sound the horn so they finish more quickly","Yield only if they are still on your half of the road","Yield to the pedestrian who has already started to cross"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Priority at a zebra crossing lasts for the whole crossing, including the far half, once the pedestrian has started. Article 8(6A) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 requires you to yield to anyone who has already begun to cross, not only to people still on your side.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 8(6) and (6A), as substituted and inserted by S.I. No. 222 of 2024, reg. 4(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2024/si/222/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-crossing-0003","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"You approach a zebra crossing whose yellow beacons are not flashing. A pedestrian is waiting at the kerb to cross. What must you do?","options":["Yield to the waiting pedestrian even though the beacons are not flashing","Drive on, because a zebra without flashing beacons has no yield duty","Yield only if the pedestrian has already stepped onto the road","Sound the horn and continue unless a beacon starts flashing"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Beacons do not create the duty and do not switch it off. Article 8(6) and (6A) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 require you to yield to a pedestrian waiting at a zebra crossing whether the beacons are fitted, flashing, or dark.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 8(6) and (6A), as substituted and inserted by S.I. No. 222 of 2024, reg. 4(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2024/si/222/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-crossing-0004","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"You are approaching a parallel zebra crossing. A cyclist is waiting at the cycle part of the crossing and there is no pedestrian in sight. What must you do?","options":["Drive on, because only pedestrians have priority at this crossing","Yield only after the cyclist has started to cross","Yield to the cyclist who is waiting to cross","Drive on unless the cyclist gets off and walks"],"correct":2,"explanation":"A parallel zebra crossing gives priority to people on pedal cycles as well as to pedestrians, including someone still waiting at the cycle part. Article 8(6C) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997, added in October 2025, does not wait for the cyclist to move off or to walk.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 8(6C) and (6D), inserted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(b)(ii)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-crossing-0005","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"A pedestrian and a cyclist arrive together at a combined zebra crossing that has flashing beacons. What must you do?","options":["Yield to the pedestrian only; the cyclist must wait for a gap","Yield only if the cyclist gets off and walks","Yield to both the pedestrian and the cyclist","Yield only to those who have already started to cross"],"correct":2,"explanation":"A combined zebra crossing is shared by pedestrians and cyclists, and both have priority while waiting or crossing. Flashing beacons do not change that. Article 8(6D) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 requires you to yield to both, not only to someone already on the crossing.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 8(6C) and (6D), inserted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(b)(ii)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-crossing-0007","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"On a straight street where the footpath runs straight past a zebra crossing, parking is banned within what distance on the approach side?","options":["5 metres","10 metres","20 metres","15 metres"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Where the footpath is not built out into the road, you must not park within 15 metres on the approach side of a zebra crossing. Article 36(2)(h) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 uses 5 metres only on the far side, so those figures are not swapped.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 36(2)(h), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(m), and amended by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(i)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-crossing-0008","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"On a straight street where the footpath runs straight past a set of traffic lights, how close may you park on the side beyond the lights?","options":["No closer than 15 metres beyond the lights","No closer than 5 metres beyond the lights","No closer than 10 metres beyond the lights","No closer than 20 metres beyond the lights"],"correct":1,"explanation":"On the side other than the approach side, the ban is 5 metres, not 15. Article 36(2)(h) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 applies that 5 metre rule to traffic lights as well as to zebra, parallel and combined crossings where the footpath runs straight past.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 36(2)(h), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(m), and amended by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(i)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-crossing-0009","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"White zig-zag lines run along the road beside a zebra crossing. What do they mean for you as a driver looking for a place to park?","options":["The speed limit on that stretch is 30 km/h","You must stop there even when nobody is waiting","Pedestrians may cross anywhere along those lines","Parking is prohibited on that stretch of roadway"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Zig-zag markings at a zebra crossing or at pedestrian lights mark a stretch where parking is banned. Regulation 56 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 does not set a speed limit, a stop duty when the crossing is empty, or a right for pedestrians to cross anywhere along the lines.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 56","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-signals-0012","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"At a pedestrian crossing controlled by traffic lights, the amber light is flashing and a pedestrian is partway across. What must you do?","options":["Go on only after yielding to the pedestrian already crossing","Drive on as if the light were green","Sound the horn so the pedestrian returns to the footpath","Go on once the pedestrian has passed the centre of the road"],"correct":0,"explanation":"When the amber lamp of standard traffic lights flashes, you may pass the lights or stop line only after yielding to a pedestrian who has already started to cross. Article 30(4) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 does not treat flashing amber as green or cut priority at the centre line.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 30(4), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(g)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-junction-0016","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"You are turning left into a side road. A pedestrian has already stepped out and is crossing the mouth of that road. What must you do?","options":["Continue, because you have priority leaving the main road","Sound the horn so the pedestrian speeds up","Continue if the pedestrian is not on a marked crossing","Yield to the pedestrian who has already started to cross"],"correct":3,"explanation":"A driver approaching a junction must yield to a pedestrian who has already started to cross there, marked stripes or not. Article 8(3) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997, substituted in October 2025, does not give turning traffic priority over someone already in the mouth of the side road.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 8(3), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(b)(i)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-sharedzone-0017","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"You are in a shared zone. A pedestrian steps off the kerb in the middle of the street in front of you. What must you do?","options":["Sound the horn because pedestrians must keep to the edges","Yield to the pedestrian","Continue, because drivers have priority if they slow down","Continue unless the pedestrian is at a marked crossing"],"correct":1,"explanation":"In a shared zone pedestrians may step onto the road at any point, and drivers must yield to them. Article 45A of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997, inserted in October 2025, does not keep pedestrians to the edges or to marked crossings, and slowing down does not give you priority.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 45A, inserted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(n)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-sharedzone-0018","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"In a shared zone marked by a shared zone sign, where may pedestrians enter or cross the road?","options":["At any point in the shared zone","Only at a marked pedestrian crossing","Only at the edges of the roadway","Only at weekends when the sign is in force"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The shared zone sign means pedestrians may enter or cross the road anywhere in that zone until the end of shared zone sign. Article 45A of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 does not confine them to marked crossings, to the edges, or to weekends.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 45A, inserted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(n)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-pedstreet-0019","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"You parked in a pedestrianised street at 9.00. The plate shows the restriction starting at 11.00. What must you do?","options":["Leave the vehicle, because you arrived before the hours began","Stay parked if you display hazard lights","Stay parked if the vehicle is under 3,500 kg","Move the vehicle before the restricted hours begin"],"correct":3,"explanation":"During the hours on the plate nobody may drive into a pedestrianised street, and a vehicle already parked there must be taken out before those hours start. Article 45 of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 does not let you stay because you arrived early, show hazard lights, or sit under 3,500 kg.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 45(1) to (3), as amended","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/si/182/made/en/html#article45","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-school-0020","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"The children have reached the footpath, but the school warden is still holding up the stop sign. What must you do?","options":["Drive on, because the children have finished crossing","Slow down and pass behind the children","Stay stopped for as long as the sign is shown","Treat the sign as a yield and go if the road looks clear"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Traffic must stop, and stay stopped, for as long as the school warden shows the stop sign, even after the children have reached the footpath. Section 96 of the Road Traffic Act 1961 makes it an offence to move off while the sign is still exhibited.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic Act 1961 (No. 24 of 1961)","provision":"Section 96(2) to (4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1961/act/24/section/96/enacted/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-cycletrack-0022","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"A vehicle ahead is waiting to turn right. The cycle track beside you has a continuous white line on its right-hand edge. May you put two wheels into the cycle track to get past?","options":["Yes, if no cyclist is in sight","Yes, for up to 30 seconds to let traffic pass","Yes, outside rush hour","No, even partly driving along that cycle track is not allowed"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Driving along or across a cycle track with a continuous white edge line is banned even if only part of the vehicle is in the track. Article 14(5) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 does not allow a brief nibble to pass a right-turning vehicle, an empty track, or a quiet time of day.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 14(5), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(d)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-cycletrack-0023","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"You need to turn into a driveway beside a cycle track that has a painted cycle symbol. What does the law allow?","options":["Cross the cycle track to reach the driveway","Never cross the cycle track, even to reach a driveway","Cross only after sounding the horn to warn cyclists","Cross only outside rush hour"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The ban on driving along or across a cycle track has an access exception: you may cross it to get to or from a place beside the track, such as a driveway. Article 14(5) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 does not make that crossing conditional on an empty track or the time of day.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 14(5), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(d)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-cycletrack-0024","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"Which marking on the right-hand edge of a cycle track means you must not drive along or across it except to reach a place beside the track?","options":["A broken white line","A continuous white line","Elephant's footprint markings","A single yellow line"],"correct":1,"explanation":"A continuous white line on the right-hand edge of a cycle track (or a painted cycle symbol on its own) triggers the ban on driving along or across, except for access. Article 14(5) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 does not apply that ban to a cycle symbol used with a broken white line or with elephant's footprint markings.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 14(5), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(d)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-cycletrack-0025","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"You want to stop in a cycle track to collect a takeaway. What does the law require?","options":["You may stop for up to 30 minutes with hazard lights on","You may stop if you stay in the vehicle","You may stop for 10 minutes","You must not park in the cycle track"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Parking in a with-flow, contra-flow or shared cycle track is banned. The only exception is loading or unloading goods for up to 30 minutes where the right-hand edge is a broken white line, which collecting a takeaway is not. Article 36(2)(m) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 does not allow a short stop, hazard lights, or sitting in the vehicle.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 36(2)(m), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(m), with article 5(5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-cycletrack-0028","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"You are travelling along a one-way street that has a contra-flow cycling sign. A cyclist is coming towards you. What is the position?","options":["The cyclist is allowed to travel against the one-way flow","The cyclist is breaking the law, so you may hold the centre of the road","Only e-scooters may travel against the one-way flow","You must reverse to let the cyclist through"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Where the contra-flow cycling sign is provided, pedal cycles, e-mopeds and e-scooters may lawfully travel against the one-way direction. Article 14A of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997, inserted in October 2025, means you should expect them and allow for them. It does not order you to reverse.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 14A, inserted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(d)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-cyclestreet-0029","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"You are behind a slow cyclist on a cycle street. The road ahead is clear. What must you do?","options":["Stay behind and do not overtake the cyclist","Overtake if no traffic is coming","Sound the horn so the cyclist moves in","Overtake if you stay below 30 km/h"],"correct":0,"explanation":"On a cycle street, motorised vehicles must yield to people on pedal cycles, e-mopeds and e-scooters and must not overtake them, even when the road ahead looks clear. Article 14B of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997, inserted in October 2025, does not allow a horn, a low speed, or a gap in traffic as a way around that ban.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 14B, inserted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(d)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-cyclestreet-0030","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"You are on a cycle street behind a cyclist. Where may you next overtake?","options":["Anywhere the road ahead is clear","After you pass the end of cycle street sign","Where the cyclist waves you on","Where you can overtake below 30 km/h"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The cycle street rules last until the end of cycle street sign. Until then you stay behind people on pedal cycles, e-mopeds and e-scooters. Article 14B of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 does not let a wave, a clear road, or a low speed bring the overtaking ban to an end early.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 14B, inserted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(d)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-overtaking-0031","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"A cyclist is ahead of you approaching a traffic island that narrows the road. What must you do?","options":["Overtake quickly to spend less time beside the cyclist","Sound the horn and overtake","Squeeze past because the cyclist is close to the kerb","Wait until you can overtake without endangering or inconveniencing the cyclist"],"correct":3,"explanation":"You must not overtake, or try to, if that would endanger or inconvenience a cyclist. A pinch point at a traffic island is a place where squeezing past does exactly that. Article 10(1) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 does not reward a quicker pass, a horn, or a tight gap at the kerb.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 10(1), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-overtaking-0032","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"A cyclist is ahead on a narrow road and a van is coming the other way. What must you do?","options":["Overtake before the van arrives so you are not delayed","Overtake, because slower riders must pull in for faster traffic","Do not overtake if that would endanger or inconvenience the cyclist","Sound the horn and go past as the van approaches"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Overtaking into the path of an oncoming van on a narrow road would put the cyclist at risk. Article 10(1) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997, substituted in October 2025, forbids an overtake that would endanger or inconvenience a pedal cyclist, an e-moped user or an e-scooter user. Cyclists are not required to pull in for faster traffic.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 10(1), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-cyclist-0033","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"You are in a queue of stopped traffic and have not signalled left. A cyclist is coming up on your left. What does the law allow the cyclist to do?","options":["Cyclists may never pass on the left","Cyclists may pass on the left of traffic that is stopped or moving more slowly","Only e-scooter users may pass on the left","Passing on the left is allowed only in a bus lane"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Pedal cyclists, e-moped users and e-scooter users may pass on the left where the vehicles on their right are stopped or moving more slowly, unless that vehicle has signalled left and can reasonably be expected to turn, or is stopped for passengers or loading. Article 10(5)(b) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 is not limited to bus lanes or to e-scooters.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 10(5)(b), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-cyclist-0034","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"A group of pedal cyclists is riding along a country road. How many may ride side by side?","options":["Three abreast on a wide road","Single file at all times","No more than two abreast","Any number on a quiet road"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Pedal cyclists and e-moped users must not ride more than two side by side, except while overtaking other cyclists or e-moped users where that does not endanger or obstruct anyone. Article 47 of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 does not require single file at all times, and it does not raise the limit on a wide or quiet road.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 47, as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(p)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u7-signals-0040","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","lesson":"vulnerable-road-users","stem":"You are waiting to turn left across a cycle track. A flashing amber left arrow comes on, and a cyclist is approaching on the track. What must you do?","options":["Turn only after yielding to the cyclist on the cycle track","Turn at once, because the arrow gives you priority over the cycle track","Sound the horn to warn the cyclist and turn","Yield to pedestrians only, not to cyclists"],"correct":0,"explanation":"A flashing amber arrow lets you go in that direction only after yielding to every vehicle using an adjacent cycle track and approaching the junction, cyclists included. Article 30(3)(c) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 does not give the arrow priority over the track or limit the yield to pedestrians.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 30(3)(c), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(g)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which of these does a mandatory sign indicate?","options":["A bus lane","A hazard ahead","The distance to a town","A road surface defect"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Under Regulation 4 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, a mandatory sign indicates the direction or route traffic must take, a cycle track, a bus lane, or a mini-roundabout. It does not warn of a hazard, give a distance to a town, or mark a surface defect.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You reach a prohibitory sign at the mouth of a side street off a town road. What does that sign forbid there?","options":["It only warns that the street is narrow ahead","Entering that road at the entrance where the sign stands","It is advice you may ignore when the street looks clear","It applies only to goods vehicles using the street"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 14 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that a prohibitory sign at the entrance to a road forbids a vehicle from entering that road. It is not a warning, and it is not limited to goods vehicles or to times when the street is busy.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0003","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A prohibitory sign stands part way along a local road, not at a junction. What does it forbid?","options":["It only warns of a bend beyond the sign","It is advice when no other vehicle is in sight","Going past that point on the road","It applies only to goods vehicles from that point"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Under Regulation 14 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, a prohibitory sign can forbid a vehicle from going past the point on the road where the sign is provided. The duty is not advice, not a warning of a bend, and not limited to goods vehicles.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0004","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A prohibitory sign that binds people on foot is provided on a public road. Where is that sign used?","options":["On any town street as a warning of something ahead","Only as advice when the footpath is clear","Only on roads used by goods vehicles","On a road with a light railway, or ahead of a road tunnel"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 14 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 has a separate limb for pedestrians: they must not go past a point on a road with a light railway, or ahead of a road tunnel, where that sign is provided. It is not general advice and it is not limited to goods vehicles.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0005","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A restrictive sign stands at the entrance to an industrial estate road. What does it forbid?","options":["It is only advice when the estate road is clear","Entering that road at the entrance where the sign stands","It is a square warning of a hazard inside the estate","It applies only as a blue information sign"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 22 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that a restrictive sign can forbid a vehicle from entering the road at whose entrance it stands. It is not advice, it is not a warning sign, and the restrictive class is not a blue information sign.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 22(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0006","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A restrictive sign is provided on a stretch of housing estate road where you hoped to stop. What can that sign forbid there?","options":["It is only advice if you stay less than a minute","It is a square warning of children playing nearby","Parking or stopping on that road or part of road","It is a blue sign that does not bind drivers or riders"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Under Regulation 22 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, a restrictive sign can forbid parking or stopping in an area, on a road, or on part of a road where it is provided. It is not optional advice and it is not a warning or information sign.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 22(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0007","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What tells a restrictive sign apart from a prohibitory sign?","options":["A restrictive sign is always square rather than a disc with a red border","A restrictive sign is always blue with a white border and white symbols","A restrictive sign is only advice and never binds you on the road, even at an entrance","A prohibitory sign carries one or more oblique red bars, and a restrictive sign does not"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 14 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 describes a prohibitory sign as a white disc with a red border and one or more oblique red bars. Regulation 22 describes a restrictive sign as a white disc with a red border, symbols, figures or letters, and no oblique red bar. Shape and colour claims that it is square or blue are wrong, and it is not mere advice.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2); Regulation 22(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0008","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A plate under a prohibitory sign on a town street shows hours of the day. What do those hours mean?","options":["The period during which the prohibition shown on the sign applies","The fine that applies if you ignore the sign","The distance along the street that the sign covers","The class of vehicle the prohibition applies to"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Regulation 2 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, read with Regulation 14, treats an information plate under a sign as showing the period during which the prohibition or restriction applies, unless the Regulations say otherwise. It does not state a fine, a distance, or the vehicle class. A different plate is used for vehicle class.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 2(2); Regulation 14(4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0009","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Unless the Regulations say otherwise, what does an information plate under a traffic sign tell you?","options":["The fine for ignoring the sign on that stretch of road","How far along the road the sign has effect from that point","The period during which the prohibition or restriction applies","Which class of vehicle the sign applies to on that road"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 2 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 says that a reference to an information plate, unless otherwise specified, is to a plate showing the period during which the restriction or prohibition applies. Regulation 14 allows a separate plate for the type or category of vehicle. The plate does not state a fine or a distance.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 2(2); Regulation 14(4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0010","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A no right turn sign on a city street has a plate reading Except Buses and Taxis, with the Irish legend Ach Amháin Busanna agus Tacsaithe. Who does that plate let through?","options":["Every vehicle outside business hours","Motorcycles as well as buses","Anyone, because the plate is only advice","Large public service vehicles and taxis"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 14 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 allows that plate only under the no straight ahead, no right turn and no left turn signs. It means the prohibition does not apply to large public service vehicles and taxis. It does not open the turn to everyone outside business hours, and it does not cover motorcycles.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0011","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A no left turn sign has a plate reading Except Cyclists, with the Irish legend Ach Amháin Rothaithe. Who does that plate let through?","options":["Pedal cyclists, and drivers of e-mopeds and electric scooters","Motorcyclists and moped riders as well as cyclists","Every vehicle after close of business","Cyclists only as advice, so other traffic may follow them"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Under Regulation 14 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the Except Cyclists plate means the prohibition does not apply to pedal cyclists or to e-moped or electric scooter drivers. An e-moped in Irish law is a pedal assisted electric bicycle, not a category AM moped, so motorcyclists and moped riders stay bound by the sign.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0012","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A no straight ahead sign has a plate reading Except Buses, Taxis, and Cyclists. Who may go straight ahead past that sign?","options":["Motorcycles, because they are treated as cyclists on this plate as well as buses","Large public service vehicles, taxis, pedal cyclists, and e-moped or electric scooter drivers","Every vehicle outside shopping hours, whatever class of vehicle it is on that street","Anyone, because the plate is only advice and does not bind other traffic on that street"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 14 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that this plate, used under the no straight ahead, no right turn or no left turn sign, lifts the prohibition for large public service vehicles, taxis, pedal cyclists, and e-moped or electric scooter drivers. Motorcycles are not covered, and the plate is not advice.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0013","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A no right turn sign beside a light rail street has a plate reading Except Trams, with the Irish legend Ach Amháin Tramanna. Who does that plate let through?","options":["Every vehicle once the shops have closed","Motorcycles using the tram street","Anyone, because the plate is only advice","Light rail vehicles"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 14 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the Except Trams plate, placed under a no straight ahead, no right turn or no left turn sign, means the prohibition does not apply to light rail vehicles. Other traffic, including motorcycles, stays bound. The plate is not advice and it does not lift the sign outside business hours.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0014","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A no left turn sign has a plate reading Except Trams and Access. Who does that plate let through?","options":["Light rail vehicles and access","Every vehicle outside business hours","Motorcycles as a class","Anyone, because the plate is only advice"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Under Regulation 14 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the Except Trams and Access plate may stand under a no straight ahead, no right turn or no left turn sign. It lifts the prohibition for light rail vehicles and for access. It does not let every vehicle through after hours, and it does not cover motorcycles as a class.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0015","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A no straight ahead sign has a plate reading Except Authorised Vehicles. Who does that plate let through?","options":["Every vehicle outside business hours","Authorised vehicles","Motorcycles as well as authorised vehicles","Anyone, because the plate is only advice"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 14 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that this plate, used under the no straight ahead, no right turn or no left turn sign, means the prohibition does not apply to authorised vehicles. It does not open the road to everyone outside business hours, and motorcycles are not included unless they are authorised.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0016","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A Garda controlling traffic around a crash holds up a portable sign. Which signs may be used that way?","options":["Any sign in the Traffic Signs Regulations, including warning signs","Portable signs that are advisory only and do not bind traffic","The mandatory signs, apart from the with-flow cycle track sign","Only the stop sign, and no other portable sign"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 91 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 lets members of the Garda Síochána use portable versions of the mandatory signs in Part 1 of Schedule 1, except the with-flow cycle track sign. It is not a licence to use every prescribed sign, the signs are not advisory, and the stop sign is not on the list at all.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 91","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0017","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Besides portable mandatory signs, which other signs may a Garda use in portable form?","options":["The no straight ahead, no right turn, no left turn, parking permitted and no parking signs","Any prohibitory or restrictive sign in the Regulations, with no limit on which ones","Portable signs that are only advisory and do not bind traffic on a road","Only the stop sign, and no other portable sign"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Regulation 91(b) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 also lists portable versions of the no straight ahead, no right turn, no left turn, parking permitted and no parking signs. That is a closed list, not a power to use every prohibitory or restrictive sign. The signs are not advisory, and the stop sign is not on the list at all.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 91","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0018","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"This sign stands on a refuge in a shopping street at night. Which side must you pass?","options":["On either side when the street is clear","To the left of the sign","The sign applies to cyclists only","The sign marks the edge of the road, so you may pass either side"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The keep left sign is a mandatory sign under Regulation 4 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, Schedule 1, Part 1. Traffic must take the direction it shows, which is to pass to the left of the sign. It is not optional when the street is quiet, it is not limited to cyclists, and it does not mark the road edge.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-001-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0019","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"At the entrance to a one-way system you see this sign, and the right-hand gap looks shorter. Which side must you pass?","options":["On either side because the system is one-way","The sign applies to cyclists only at this entrance","To the left of the sign","The sign marks the road edge, so the shorter gap is allowed"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Under Regulation 4 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the keep left sign requires traffic to pass to the left of the sign. A shorter gap on the other side does not change that. The sign is not limited to cyclists and it does not mark the edge of the road.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-001-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0020","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"On a one-way street, this sign stands at the approach end of a traffic island. Which side must you pass?","options":["On either side when the road is clear","The sign applies to cyclists only","The sign marks the edge of the road","To the right of the sign"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The keep right sign is a mandatory sign under Regulation 4 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, Schedule 1, Part 1. Traffic must pass to the right of the sign. That is a different sign from keep left. It is not optional when the road is quiet, not limited to cyclists, and not an edge marking.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-002-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0021","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"On a one-way street in town, an island narrows the road into two gaps and this sign stands at its approach end. The left-hand gap looks easier. Which side must you pass?","options":["On either side because the narrowing is short","To the right of the sign","The sign applies to cyclists only at a narrowing","The sign marks the edge of the road, so the easier gap is allowed"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 4 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 requires traffic facing a keep right sign to pass to the right of it. An easier gap on the other side does not change the direction the sign requires. It is not a cyclist-only sign and it does not mark the road edge.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-002-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0022","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"An island in a wide one-way street carries this sign at its approach end. What may you do?","options":["You must take the left side anyway","You must take the wider side","Pass on either side of the sign","The sign marks a parking area around the island"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The pass either side sign is a mandatory sign under Regulation 4 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, Schedule 1, Part 1. It allows traffic to pass on either side of the sign. It does not force the left side, it does not require the wider side, and it does not mark a parking area.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-003-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0023","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"An island ahead has a pass either side sign, not a keep left sign. How does that change the side you choose?","options":["You must still take the left side anyway, as if the keep left sign were showing","You must take the wider side of the island, even if the other side is clear","The sign marks a parking area, so you may stop beside the island","You may pass on either side, whereas a keep left sign would require the left"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Under Regulation 4 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, keep left and pass either side are different mandatory signs. Pass either side lets you choose a side. Keep left requires the left. The pass either side sign does not force the wider side and does not mark a parking area.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0024","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You wanted to turn at a junction, but this sign faces you. What must you do?","options":["Go straight ahead","Go straight on unless you signal a turn","Go straight on unless the turn looks clear","Treat it as a through route for buses only"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The keep straight ahead sign is a mandatory sign under Regulation 4 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025. Traffic facing it must go straight ahead. A signal, a clear side road, or a bus route does not authorise a turn past that sign.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-004-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0025","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What does this sign require of traffic facing it?","options":["Go straight on unless you signal","Go straight on unless the turn is clear","Traffic must go straight ahead","It marks a through route for buses"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 4 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, with Schedule 1, Part 1, makes keep straight ahead a mandatory direction: traffic must go straight ahead. It is not optional if you signal, it does not yield to a clear turn, and it is not a bus-only through route sign.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-004-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0026","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"This sign faces you at a junction and the road you wanted is to the left. What must you do?","options":["Treat the arrow as advice and turn left if that is shorter","Turn left if you signal first","Read the sign as a warning that the road bends right","Turn right here"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The turn right sign is a mandatory sign under Regulation 4 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025. Traffic must turn right here. The arrow is not advice, a signal does not authorise the other way, and the sign does not mean the road merely bends.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-005-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0027","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"At a quiet crossroads this sign faces you. Nothing is coming. May you go straight on instead?","options":["No, traffic must turn right here","Yes, the arrow is advice when the junction is empty","Yes, if you signal that you will go straight on","Yes, because the sign only means the road bends right"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Under Regulation 4 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the turn right sign requires traffic to turn right at that place. An empty junction, a signal, or reading it as a bend warning does not lift the duty.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-005-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0028","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"The road you wanted is to the right, but this sign faces you at the junction. What must you do?","options":["Treat the arrow as advice and turn right if that is shorter","Turn left here","Turn right if you signal first","Read the sign as a warning that the road bends left"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The turn left sign is a mandatory sign under Regulation 4 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025. Traffic must turn left here. That is a different sign from turn right. The arrow is not advice, a signal does not authorise the other way, and it is not a bend warning.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-006-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0029","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You meet this sign at an empty rural junction. May you go straight on because nothing is coming?","options":["Yes, the arrow is advice when the road is empty","Yes, if you signal that you will go straight on","Yes, because the sign only means the road bends left","No, traffic must turn left here"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 4 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 requires traffic facing a turn left sign to turn left at that place. An empty road, a signal, or treating the sign as a bend warning does not permit going straight on.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-006-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0030","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You pass this sign on a national road. Where is the compulsory turn?","options":["At the junction ahead, not at the sign","As soon as you pass the sign","The sign warns of a left-hand bend","The sign marks a slip road you must take at once"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The turn left ahead sign, under Regulation 4 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, Schedule 1, Part 1, requires traffic to turn left at the junction ahead. It does not require an immediate turn at the sign itself, and it is not a bend warning or a slip road marking.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-007-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0031","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"How does a turn left ahead sign differ from a turn left sign placed at the junction itself?","options":["Both signs require you to turn as soon as you pass them on the road","The ahead sign requires the left turn at the junction ahead, not at the sign","The ahead sign is only a warning of a left-hand bend in the road","The ahead sign marks a slip road starting at the sign itself"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 4 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 lists turn left and turn left ahead as different mandatory signs. Turn left applies at the sign. Turn left ahead applies at the junction ahead. The ahead sign is not a bend warning and not a slip road marking.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0032","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"On the approach to a town junction you pass this sign. Where is the compulsory turn?","options":["As soon as you pass the sign","The sign warns of a right-hand bend","At the junction ahead, not at the sign","The sign marks a slip road you must take at once"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The turn right ahead sign, under Regulation 4 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, Schedule 1, Part 1, requires traffic to turn right at the junction ahead. It is not an immediate turn at the sign, not a bend warning, and not a slip road marking. It is a different sign from turn left ahead.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-008-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0033","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"How does a turn right ahead sign differ from a turn right sign placed at the junction itself?","options":["The ahead sign requires the right turn at the junction ahead, not at the sign","Both signs require you to turn as soon as you pass them on the road","The ahead sign is only a warning of a right-hand bend in the road","The ahead sign marks a slip road starting at the sign itself"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Under Regulation 4 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, turn right applies at the sign and turn right ahead applies at the junction ahead. They are different mandatory signs. The ahead sign is not a bend warning and does not mark a slip road.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(1)(a); Schedule 1, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0034","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"This sign faces you on a town street. What manoeuvre must you not make past it?","options":["The sign allows a straight run when nothing is coming","Going straight ahead past the sign","The sign allows a quick drop off beyond it","The sign applies to large vehicles only"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 14 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, Schedule 2, Part 1, makes the no straight ahead sign a prohibitory sign: you must not go straight ahead past it. An empty street, a short stop, or vehicle size does not lift that prohibition.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)(a); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-011.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0035","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"On a quiet housing estate road you meet this sign. The way ahead is empty. May you go straight on?","options":["Yes, because nothing is coming","Yes, for a quick drop off beyond the sign","No, you must not go straight ahead past the sign","Yes, because the sign applies to large vehicles only"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Under Regulation 14 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the no straight ahead sign forbids going straight ahead past it. An empty road, a short drop off, or reading it as a large-vehicle rule does not change that. Exception plates are a separate matter and are not part of this sign on its own.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)(a); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-011.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0036","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"At a junction on a local road, this sign faces you. What manoeuvre must you not make past it?","options":["The sign allows a right turn when nothing is coming","The sign allows a right turn for a quick drop off","The sign applies to large vehicles only","Turning right past the sign"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 14 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, Schedule 2, Part 1, makes the no right turn sign a prohibitory sign: you must not turn right past it. An empty junction, a short drop off, or vehicle size does not lift the prohibition.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)(a); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-012.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0037","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You see this sign on a housing estate road. The street to the right is empty and a short detour would take you around the block. May you turn right past the sign?","options":["Yes, because nothing is coming","No, you must not turn right past the sign","Yes, if you signal early","Yes, because the sign applies to large vehicles only"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Under Regulation 14 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the no right turn sign forbids a right turn past it. An empty street, an early signal, or a short detour does not authorise the turn. The sign is not limited to large vehicles.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)(a); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-012.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0038","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"In an industrial estate, this sign faces you at a junction. What manoeuvre must you not make past it?","options":["The sign allows a left turn when nothing is coming","The sign allows a left turn for a quick drop off","Turning left past the sign","The sign applies to large vehicles only"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 14 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, Schedule 2, Part 1, makes the no left turn sign a prohibitory sign: you must not turn left past it. That is a different sign from no right turn. An empty road, a short drop off, or vehicle size does not lift the prohibition.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)(a); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-013.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0039","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"This sign faces you at a quiet rural junction. You could cut the corner and rejoin after a short detour. May you turn left past the sign?","options":["Yes, because nothing is coming","Yes, if you signal early","Yes, because the sign applies to large vehicles only","No, you must not turn left past the sign"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Under Regulation 14 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the no left turn sign forbids a left turn past it. An empty junction, an early signal, or a short detour does not change that, and the sign is not limited to large vehicles.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)(a); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-013.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0040","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"From which point does this sign apply?","options":["From the point on the road where the sign is provided","From the last junction you passed","Only while another vehicle is in sight","Only on a road with a continuous centre line"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Article 10(3) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 bans overtaking on the stretch of road where the no overtaking sign is provided, so the ban runs from the sign itself. It does not reach back to the last junction you passed, it is not limited to times when another vehicle is in sight, and it does not depend on a continuous centre line.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 10(3), as substituted by S.I. No. 473 of 2025, reg. 2(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/473/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-014.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0041","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You have driven past the road you wanted on a town street and see this sign. May you turn round past it?","options":["Yes, when the road is clear","Yes, at a gap in a central reserve","No, you must not make a U-turn past the sign","The sign only forbids reversing"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 14 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, Schedule 2, Part 1, makes the no U-turn sign a prohibitory sign: you must not make a U-turn past it. A clear road or a gap in a central reserve does not lift that. The sign forbids the U-turn, not reversing as such.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)(c); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-017.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0042","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What does a no U-turn sign forbid, as against what a no right turn sign forbids?","options":["Any right turn, including into a side road","Reversing, but a U-turn is still allowed when the road is clear","A U-turn only at a gap in a central reserve","A U-turn past the sign, not a right turn into a side road"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Under Regulation 14 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the no U-turn sign and the no right turn sign are different prohibitory signs. No U-turn forbids a U-turn past the sign. No right turn forbids a right turn past its own sign. A clear road does not allow the U-turn, and the sign is not limited to gaps in a central reserve.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)(c); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0043","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You want to leave the vehicle for a minute on a stretch of town road where this sign stands. What applies?","options":["No vehicle may be parked where the sign is provided","Parking is allowed for up to 30 minutes","Parking is allowed if your hazard lights are on","The sign applies at night only"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Article 36(2)(b) of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 says a vehicle must not be parked where the no parking sign is provided, during any period shown on its plate. A short stay does not change that, hazard lights do not make it lawful, and the sign is not limited to night. The clearway sign is the one that also bans stopping.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 182 of 1997)","provision":"Article 36(2)(b), as substituted by S.I. No. 332 of 2012, reg. 16(m)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/332/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-019.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0045","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"This sign stands on a street with a light railway. Who does it bind?","options":["Drivers picking anyone up","Cyclists, so cycling is banned there","Everyone, because it means a pedestrian crossing ahead","People on foot"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 14 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that this prohibitory sign binds a pedestrian, who must not go past that point on a road with a light railway or ahead of a road tunnel. It does not stop a driver, it does not ban cycling, and it does not mean a pedestrian crossing ahead.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)(e); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-038.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0046","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Where is this sign provided, and does it stop a driver?","options":["On a road with a light railway or ahead of a road tunnel, and it does not stop a driver","On any town street, and it stops drivers picking anyone up at the kerb there","Ahead of every junction, and it bans cycling on that street as well as walking","Only at night, and it means a pedestrian crossing ahead of you on the street"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Under Regulation 14 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the pedestrian limb of the prohibitory class is provided on a road with a light railway or ahead of a road tunnel. It binds people on foot, not drivers. It is not a cycling ban and it is not a pedestrian crossing sign.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 14(2)(e); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-038.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0047","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What does the figure on this sign stand for?","options":["The weight of the vehicle, in tonnes","The number of axles","The number of passengers","The number of trailers"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 15 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 describes the figure on the prohibited vehicles sign as counting axles: the total number of axles specified is one axle multiplied by the figure displayed. It is not a weight in tonnes, not a passenger count, and not a count of trailers.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 15(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-046.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0048","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Who decides the axle figure shown on this sign at a given place?","options":["The driver, from the unladen weight","The vehicle manufacturer, from the passenger count","The road authority","It is a fixed national figure for trailers only"],"correct":2,"explanation":"The figure shown on the prohibited vehicles sign in Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 is there for illustration only, and the note to that Part says the figure to be specified at any location is determined by the relevant road authority. Regulation 15 then bars a prohibited vehicle from going past. It is not chosen by the driver or the manufacturer, and it is not a single national trailer figure.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 15(1), (2); Schedule 2, Part 1","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-046.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0049","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Your lorry and the trailer it tows have more axles between them than the figure on this sign. What must you do?","options":["Not go past the sign","Go past if the weight in tonnes is low","Go past if you carry few passengers","Go past if the extra axles are on a trailer only"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Under Regulation 15 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the driver of a prohibited vehicle must not go past the sign. Regulation 2(1) counts every axle that carries weight, on the vehicle and on any trailer it draws, and leaves out vehicles built to carry passengers, which a lorry is not. A low weight or a small passenger load does not lift the ban.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 2(1), Regulation 15(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-046.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0050","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"At the entrance to a two-lane tunnel carriageway you see this sign. Which lane must a prohibited vehicle not use inside the tunnel?","options":["Both lanes, so the vehicle may not enter the tunnel","The right-hand lane","Every lane, because the ban applies to every vehicle","The right-hand lane only when the tunnel is quiet"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 16 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that, at the entrance to a two-lane tunnel carriageway, a prohibited vehicle must not be driven in the right-hand lane inside the tunnel. The ban is on that lane, not on every vehicle, and it does not lift when the tunnel is quiet.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 16(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-047-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0051","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Your vehicle is caught by this sign at the entrance to a two-lane tunnel. May you still enter the tunnel in the left-hand lane?","options":["No, the vehicle may not enter the tunnel at all","No, the ban applies to every vehicle in both lanes","Yes, the vehicle may use the left-hand lane","Only when the tunnel is quiet"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Under Regulation 16 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the sign at a two-lane tunnel entrance forbids a prohibited vehicle from using the right-hand lane inside the tunnel. It may still use the left-hand lane. The vehicle is not barred from the tunnel, and the ban does not depend on how busy the tunnel is.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 16(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-047-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0052","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Who must not go past this sign?","options":["Motorcyclists","All two-wheeled vehicles, including mopeds","Cyclists only as advice, so they may still go past","People driving pedal cycles, e-mopeds and electric scooters"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 17 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that a person driving a pedal cycle, e-moped or electric scooter must not go past the sign. An e-moped is a pedal assisted electric bicycle. Motorcyclists and category AM moped riders are not caught by this sign, and it is not advice.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 17(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-055.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0053","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Does this sign catch a motorcyclist or a moped rider?","options":["Yes, it stops motorcycles","No, it does not bind motorcyclists or moped riders","Yes, it stops all two-wheeled vehicles","It is advisory for cyclists and binding for motorcyclists"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Under Regulation 17 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the sign binds a person driving a pedal cycle, e-moped or electric scooter. A motorcyclist or a category AM moped rider is not in that list. The sign is not a ban on all two-wheeled vehicles, and it is not advisory.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 17(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-055.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0054","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You are on horseback on a rural local road and meet this sign. What applies?","options":["Only ridden horses on market days are caught","The sign catches dogs on a lead, not horses","You must not go past the sign","The sign applies only on market days"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 18 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that a person riding, leading or driving a horse or animal, or in charge of one, must not go past the sign. A rider on horseback is caught. The sign is not limited to market days.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 18(1), (4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-056.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0055","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Leading a horse on foot along a country road, you meet this sign. Are you caught?","options":["No, only ridden horses are caught","No, unless the horse is on a market day","Yes, but only if you also have a dog on a lead","Yes, a person leading a horse must not go past"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Under Regulation 18 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, a person leading a horse, as well as a person riding or driving one, must not go past the sign. The ban is not limited to ridden horses or to market days. A cat or a dog is not an animal for this sign.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 18(1), (4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-056.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0056","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"While walking a dog on a lead you come to this sign. Does it stop you?","options":["No, a cat or a dog is not an animal for this sign","Yes, dogs on a lead are caught","Yes, only ridden horses are excluded","Yes, but only on market days"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Regulation 18 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 says that, for this sign, animal does not include a cat or a dog. A person walking a dog is not bound by it. People riding, leading or driving a horse or other animal still must not go past.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 18(1), (4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-056.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0057","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A pony and trap is on a local road where this sign stands. What applies?","options":["The sign bans horse riding, not a trap","The sign bans farm tractors","The person driving it must not go past the sign","The sign applies only at night"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 19 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that a person driving or in charge of an animal-drawn vehicle must not go past the sign. A pony and trap is such a vehicle. The sign does not ban horse riding as such, it does not ban farm tractors, and it is not limited to night.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 19(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-057.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0058","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Who does this sign bind?","options":["Anyone riding a horse","Drivers of farm tractors","Drivers of animal-drawn vehicles at night only","A person driving or in charge of a vehicle drawn by an animal"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Under Regulation 19 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the sign binds a person driving or in charge of an animal-drawn vehicle. It is not a horse-riding ban, it is not a tractor ban, and it is not limited to night.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 19(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-057.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0059","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A van carrying explosive material reaches this sign at a tunnel entrance. What must the driver do?","options":["Not go past the sign","Go past if the vehicle is not a tanker","Go past outside busy hours","Go past if the quantity is small"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Regulation 20 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that, at or near a tunnel entrance, the driver of a vehicle carrying explosive material must not go past the sign. The ban is not limited to tankers, it does not lift outside busy hours, and a small quantity is not an exception in that provision.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 20(1), (4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-062.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0061","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Before a large public event, this sign stands at the entrance to an area. What does it tell drivers?","options":["The sign is a temporary suggestion for the event and may be ignored if the street is empty","Parking is free during the event on every public road in the area","The sign bans driving in the area, not merely parking on those roads","Council bye-laws prohibit or restrict parking on that road, or on all roads in the area"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 21 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that this sign tells drivers of mechanically propelled vehicles that bye-laws prohibit or restrict parking on that public road, or on all public roads in the specified area. It is not a suggestion, it does not make parking free, and it does not ban driving through the area.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 21(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-063.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0062","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Where does the parking prohibition come from when this sign is put up for an event?","options":["Council bye-laws, which the sign makes known","A temporary suggestion on the sign itself","A rule that parking is free during the event","A ban on driving in the area"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Under Regulation 21 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the sign indicates that bye-laws have been made and apply a prohibition or restriction on parking. The sign makes those bye-laws known. It is not itself a suggestion, a free-parking rule, or a ban on driving.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 21(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-063.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0063","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What does the figure on this sign show?","options":["The height of your vehicle","The height of the structure, in metres","The width of the arch","The height in feet"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 23 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the height restriction sign, when provided on or near a structure, indicates the height of the structure in metres. The figure is not the height of your vehicle, not the width of the arch, and not a measurement in feet.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 23(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-016.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0064","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You are approaching a low bridge and see this sign. What is the figure on it?","options":["The height of your vehicle, in metres","The width of the arch, in metres","The height of the structure, in metres","The height of the structure, in feet"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Under Regulation 23 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the sign shows the height of the structure in metres. It does not show the height of your vehicle, the width of the arch, or a figure in feet. Article 34 of the Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) Regulations 1997 then bars a vehicle whose height, load included, equals or exceeds that figure from going past the sign.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 23(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-016.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0065","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"At the entrance to a street you see this sign. What must a driver do?","options":["Not go past the sign","Go past for a quick delivery","Go past if you reverse in","Go past if you are on a motorcycle"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Regulation 24 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that, at the entrance to a road, a driver of a vehicle must not go past the no entry sign. A short delivery, reversing in, or being on a motorcycle does not lift that duty unless a separate cyclist plate applies.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 24(1), (2), (4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-050-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0066","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"This sign stands at a street that looks empty, and the detour is long. What must you do?","options":["Go past for a quick delivery because the street is empty","Not go past the sign","Go past if you reverse in from the far end","Go past on a motorcycle"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Under Regulation 24 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, a driver must not proceed beyond the no entry sign at the entrance to a road. An empty street, a long detour, a reverse entry, or a motorcycle does not change that, unless a cyclist exception plate is provided.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 24(1), (2), (4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-050-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0067","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A plate under a no entry to vehicles sign reads Except Cyclists. Who does that plate let through?","options":["Motorcyclists","Anyone making a quick delivery","Pedal cyclists","Anyone who reverses in"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 24 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 allows a plate under the no entry sign reading Except Cyclists, which means the prohibition does not apply to pedal cyclists or to e-moped or electric scooter drivers. Motorcyclists stay bound, and a delivery or a reverse entry is not an exception.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 24(1), (2), (4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0068","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"The cyclist plate under a no entry to vehicles sign is showing. Does it also cover e-moped and electric scooter drivers?","options":["No, it covers motorcycles instead of pedal cyclists","No, it covers only pedal cyclists making a delivery on that street","No, it only covers someone who reverses in from the far end of the street","Yes, it covers e-moped and electric scooter drivers as well as pedal cyclists"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Under Regulation 24 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the Except Cyclists plate under the no entry sign lifts the prohibition for pedal cyclists and for e-moped or electric scooter drivers. An e-moped is a pedal assisted electric bicycle. Motorcycles are not covered, and a delivery or reverse entry is not the test.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 24(1), (2), (4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0069","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You are driving a long vehicle and meet this sign. Which length does it limit?","options":["The length of the load only, ignoring the length of the vehicle itself","The overall length of the vehicle, or of the combination of vehicles, in metres","The length of the towing vehicle only, ignoring any trailer behind it","The wheelbase measured from the front axle to the rear axle"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 25 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that a driver must not go past if the overall length of the vehicle, or of a combination of vehicles, exceeds the length specified on the sign in metres. The load length alone, the towing vehicle alone, and the wheelbase are not the test.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 25(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-051-eisb.png","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0071","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What does the figure on this sign limit?","options":["The width of the road","The height of the vehicle","The overall length of the vehicle, in metres","The width of the vehicle, in metres"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 26 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the driver of a vehicle whose width exceeds the width specified on the sign, in metres, must not go past. The figure is not the width of the road, and it is not a height or length limit.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 26(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-052.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0072","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"With a wide load, your vehicle is over the figure on this sign. What must you do?","options":["Not go past the sign","Go past because the figure is the width of the road","Go past because the sign limits length rather than width","Treat the figure as a height limit instead"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Under Regulation 26 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, if the width of the vehicle exceeds the figure on the sign, the driver must not go past. The figure is the vehicle width in metres, not the width of the road and not a height.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 26(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-052.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0073","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Your lorry weighs less than the figure on this sign when it is empty, but its design gross vehicle weight is over the figure. May you drive past the sign while it is empty?","options":["Yes, because its actual weight while empty is under the figure","Yes, because the load alone would be under the figure","No, its design gross vehicle weight is over the figure, so you must not go past","Yes, because the weight on each axle is under the figure"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 27 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 tests the design gross vehicle weight, which is fixed for the vehicle and does not change with the load. If that weight is over the figure on the sign, the driver must not go past, even with the lorry empty. The actual weight on the day, the load alone and the weight on one axle are not the test.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 27(1); Schedule 2, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-053.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0074","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What unit is shown on a maximum design gross vehicle weight sign?","options":["The unladen weight in kilograms","The weight of the load alone in kilograms","The weight on one axle in kilograms","Tonnes"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Under Regulation 27 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the sign displays figures with the unit t, meaning the design gross vehicle weight in tonnes. It is not an unladen weight, not the weight of the load alone, and not an axle weight.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 27(1); Schedule 2, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0075","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"How does the maximum design gross vehicle weight sign differ from the maximum vehicle axle loading weight sign?","options":["This sign limits design gross vehicle weight, not the weight on an axle","This sign limits the unladen weight of the vehicle when empty","This sign limits the weight of the load alone, not the vehicle","This sign limits the weight on one axle of the vehicle"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Regulation 27 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 limits design gross vehicle weight in tonnes. The axle loading weight sign is a different sign under Regulation 28. Unladen weight and the weight of the load alone are not the test for either sign.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 27(1); Schedule 2, Part 2","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0076","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which weight does this sign limit?","options":["The design gross vehicle weight","The axle loading weight, in tonnes","The weight per wheel","The weight of the trailer"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 28 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the driver of a vehicle whose axle loading weight exceeds the figure on the sign, in tonnes, must not go past. That is not the design gross vehicle weight, not a per-wheel figure, and not the trailer weight as such.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 28(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-054.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0077","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Your total weight is under the figure on this sign, but your heaviest axle is over it. What must you do?","options":["Go past because the design gross vehicle weight is under the figure","Go past because the weight per wheel is under the figure","Go past because the trailer is under the figure","Not go past the sign"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Under Regulation 28 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the test is the vehicle axle loading weight, not the total or design gross vehicle weight, not the weight per wheel, and not the trailer weight. If the heaviest axle is over the figure, you must not go past.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 28(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-054.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0078","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"At a junction with a major road, this sign faces you. What does it require?","options":["Yield right of way to traffic on the major road ahead","Always come to a full stop","Take priority when turning left","Yield only to traffic coming from your right"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Regulation 29 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the yield sign indicates that traffic shall yield right of way to traffic on a major road ahead. It does not always require a full stop, it does not give you priority, and the duty is owed to all traffic on the major road, not only traffic from your right.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 29(2), (3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-026.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0079","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"The sign at a rural junction reads Géill Slí. What sign is that?","options":["A different sign used only in Irish-speaking areas","The same yield sign as one that reads Yield or Yield Right of Way","A stop sign with an Irish legend","A sign that always requires a full stop"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Under Regulation 29 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the yield sign may show Yield, Yield Right of Way, or Géill Slí. All three legends are the same sign. The Irish legend is not a different sign and it does not turn the yield sign into a stop sign.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 29(2), (3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0080","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"The major road is clear and this sign faces you at the junction. Does it require a full stop?","options":["Yes, it always means stop","Yes, except when you are turning left","No, it requires you to yield right of way, not always to stop","Yes, if you are driving a large vehicle"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 29 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 requires traffic facing the yield sign to yield right of way to traffic on the major road ahead. It does not always require a full stop, it does not give left-turn priority, and the rule is the same whatever you are driving.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 29(2), (3)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-026.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0081","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Before a major road, you face this sign. What does it require?","options":["Stop before entering the major road","Slow right down and go if the road is clear","Stop only when traffic is coming","Stop only if you are turning right"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Regulation 29 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the stop sign indicates that traffic shall stop before entering a major road. Slowing and continuing, or stopping only when traffic is coming, does not meet that requirement, and the duty applies whichever way you are turning.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 29(4), (5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-027.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0082","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You face this sign at a quiet industrial estate junction with a clear view both ways. What does it require?","options":["Slow right down and go if clear","Stop before entering the major road","Stop only when traffic is coming","Stop only if your view of the major road is blocked"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Under Regulation 29 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the stop sign still requires traffic to stop before entering the major road. A quiet junction and a clear view do not turn it into a yield, and the duty to stop does not depend on whether your view is blocked.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 29(4), (5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-027.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0083","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What legend does a stop sign show?","options":["A word that varies from place to place","Slow, so you may go if the road is clear","The word Stop","Stop only when traffic is coming"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 29 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 describes the stop sign as a red octagon showing the word Stop. The legend does not vary from place to place, and it does not mean slow and go if clear.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 29(4), (5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0084","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"For the yield and stop signs, does traffic include a tram?","options":["Yes, it includes trams","Yes, but only on a tram-only street","Yes, except where trams have their own signals","No, traffic does not include a light rail vehicle"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 29 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 says that, for the yield and stop signs, a reference to traffic does not include a light rail vehicle. The provision does not add a tram driving rule, and it does not bring trams in on tram-only streets or outside their own signals.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 29(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0085","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What makes a lane a bus lane?","options":["The painted line alone","The bus lane sign together with the bus lane marking","The colour of the lane surface","A sign at either end of the street, without the marking"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 10 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the nearside or offside with-flow bus lane sign, together with the bus lane marking, indicates a bus lane, and that the contra-flow sign with that marking indicates a contra-flow bus lane. The line alone, the surface colour, or a sign without the marking is not enough.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 10(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0086","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Are the nearside, offside and contra-flow bus lane signs the same sign?","options":["Yes, the painted line alone makes the lane a bus lane","Yes, the lane colour is what matters","No, they are three separate signs","Yes, a sign at either end is enough for all three"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Under Regulation 10 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the nearside with-flow, offside with-flow and contra-flow bus lane signs are three separate signs. Each works with the bus lane marking. The painted line alone, the lane colour, or a single sign at one end does not replace that.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 10(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0087","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What does a bus stop sign mark?","options":["A taxi rank","A place where any vehicle may wait for one minute","A school pick up point","A stopping place or stand for large public service vehicles"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 11 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the bus stop sign indicates a stopping place or stand for large public service vehicles. It is not a taxi rank, not a one-minute wait for any vehicle, and not a school pick up point.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 11(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-regulatory-0088","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What indicates a tram lane, and are the nearside and offside signs the same?","options":["The tram lane sign together with the tram lane line, and nearside and offside are separate signs","The rails in the street alone, without any tram lane sign or tram lane line beside them","A single white line painted alone, without the tram lane sign, is enough to indicate the lane","A blue disc on its own, without a tram lane line, is enough to indicate the lane"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Regulation 90 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the nearside or offside tram lane sign, together with the tram lane line, indicates a tram lane. Nearside and offside are separate signs. The rails alone, a white line alone, or a blue disc alone does not indicate the lane.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 90(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What is a continuous white line along the centre of the roadway?","options":["A broken centre line that marks the edge of the road","A yellow line along the centre","A continuous centre line","A line that always sits exactly in the middle and nowhere else"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 58 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides for a continuous white line along the centre of the roadway as a continuous centre line. Centre lines are white, not yellow. A broken centre line is a different marking, and the continuous line may also be laid away from the centre where the lane layout makes that right.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 58(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What is a broken white line along the centre of the roadway?","options":["A marking of the edge of the road","A yellow centre line","A continuous centre line that always sits exactly in the middle","A broken centre line"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Under Regulation 58 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, a broken white line extending along the centre of the roadway is a broken centre line. It is not an edge marking, it is not yellow, and it is not the continuous centre line.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 58(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0003","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"May a continuous white centre line be laid away from the exact middle of the roadway?","options":["Yes, where that is right for the layout of the traffic lanes","No, a continuous centre line always marks the middle exactly","No, because centre lines are yellow","No, a broken centre line is the only marking that can sit off centre"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Regulation 58 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 allows the continuous centre line to be provided along a roadway other than at the centre where that is appropriate for the layout of traffic lanes. It is still a white line, not yellow, and it is not confined to the geometric middle.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 58(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0004","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What does a lane line mark?","options":["The centre of the road","The boundary of a traffic lane","A cycle track","A bus lane"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 59 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that a lane line is a broken white line that indicates the boundary of a traffic lane. It is not a centre line, not a cycle track marking, and not a bus lane marking.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 59","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0005","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"On a wide national road you see a broken white line dividing two streams in the same direction. Is that a centre line?","options":["Yes, it marks the centre of the road on a wide national road","Yes, it marks a cycle track beside the national road","Yes, it marks a bus lane on that national road","No, a lane line marks the boundary of a traffic lane"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Under Regulation 59 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, a broken white lane line marks the boundary of a traffic lane. A centre line is a different marking under Regulation 58. A lane line is not a cycle track or a bus lane.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 59","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0006","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A white arrow painted in your lane points straight ahead. What must traffic in that lane do?","options":["Go straight ahead","Treat the arrow as a suggestion when the lane is empty","Read it as showing where other traffic will go","Obey it only at traffic lights"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Regulation 60 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that a white arrow painted in a lane shows the direction in which traffic in that lane must go. A straight-ahead arrow requires traffic in that lane to go straight ahead. It is not a suggestion, not a hint about other traffic, and not limited to traffic lights.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 60","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0007","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A white arrow painted in your lane points left. What must traffic in that lane do?","options":["Treat the arrow as a suggestion when the lane is empty","Turn left","Read it as showing where other traffic will go","Obey it only at traffic lights"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Under Regulation 60 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, a white arrow pointing or curved to the left shows that traffic in that lane must go left. An empty lane, other traffic, or the absence of traffic lights does not turn the arrow into advice.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 60","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0008","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A white arrow painted in your lane points right. What must traffic in that lane do?","options":["Treat the arrow as a suggestion when the lane is empty","Read it as showing where other traffic will go","Turn right","Obey it only at traffic lights"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 60 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that a white arrow pointing or curved to the right shows that traffic in that lane must go right. That is a different arrow from the left arrow. It is not a suggestion and not limited to traffic lights.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 60","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0009","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A white arrow painted in your lane points left and straight ahead. What must traffic in that lane do?","options":["Go left or straight ahead","Treat the arrow as a suggestion when the lane is empty","Read it as showing where other traffic will go","Obey it only at traffic lights"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Under Regulation 60 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, a white arrow pointing left and straight ahead shows the directions in which traffic in that lane must go: left or straight ahead. It is not advice, not a map of other traffic, and not limited to traffic lights.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 60","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0010","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A white arrow painted in your lane points right and straight ahead. What must traffic in that lane do?","options":["Treat the arrow as a suggestion when the lane is empty","Go right or straight ahead","Read it as showing where other traffic will go","Obey it only at traffic lights"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 60 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that a white arrow pointing right and straight ahead shows those two permitted directions for traffic in that lane. It is a different arrow from left and straight ahead. It is not a suggestion and not limited to traffic lights.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 60","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0011","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A white arrow painted in your lane points left and right. What must traffic in that lane do?","options":["Treat the arrow as a suggestion when the lane is empty","Read it as showing where other traffic will go","Go left or right","Obey it only at traffic lights"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Under Regulation 60 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, a white arrow pointing left and right shows that traffic in that lane must go left or right. It does not authorise going straight ahead. It is not advice and not limited to traffic lights.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 60","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0012","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"The word LOADING is painted in white on the roadway between two end lines. What does that marking show?","options":["A bus stop","A lay-by for any vehicle","A taxi rank","A loading bay"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 64 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the loading bay marking consists of the word LOADING in white, with two end lines. It shows where a loading bay is. It is not a bus stop, not a lay-by for any vehicle, and not a taxi stand.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 64(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0013","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You see a bay on a town street with LOADING painted in white between end lines. What is that bay?","options":["A bus stop","A loading bay","A lay-by any vehicle may use","A taxi rank"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Under Regulation 64 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, that marking indicates the location of a loading bay. The word and the end lines are what identify it. It is not a bus stop, a general lay-by, or a taxi stand.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 64(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0014","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What do parking bay markings show?","options":["A guide only, with no legal meaning on a public road in a town or in the country","Bays that apply only where there is a pay machine beside them on the street","Parking bays, and their buffer areas where those are provided, on a public road","A rule that a long vehicle may take two bays as of right on that street"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 66 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the bay markings indicate parking bays, and associated buffer areas where provided, in any place on a public road. They are not a mere guide, they do not depend on a machine, and they do not authorise taking two bays.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 66(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0015","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Parallel parking bays are marked with buffer zones between them. What is the buffer area?","options":["A guide only that you may park in","An area that applies only where there is a machine","Extra space a long vehicle may take as a second bay","An area between two parking bays, shown by the same markings"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 2 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 defines a buffer area as an area between two parking bays, and Regulation 66 provides that the parallel bay markings with buffer zones indicate parking bays and associated buffer areas. The buffer is not a second parking bay, not a machine-only rule, and not a mere guide.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 2(1); Regulation 66(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0016","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You see parking bays marked at right angles to the kerb, and others marked at an angle. What are those markings?","options":["Perpendicular and angled parking bay markings","A guide only","Markings that apply only where there is a machine","A layout that lets a long vehicle take two bays"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Regulation 66 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 includes perpendicular parking bay markings and angled parking bay markings among the signs that indicate parking bays on a public road. They are not a mere guide, they do not depend on a machine, and they do not authorise taking two bays.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 66(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0017","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A stretch of kerb has parking marked without individual bay lines. What can that marking still show?","options":["A guide only, because there are no individual lines","Bays that apply only where there is a machine","Parking bays, using the parallel layout with no individual bays","A rule that a long vehicle may take two bays"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Under Regulation 66 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the parallel parking bay marking with no individual bays still indicates parking bays on a public road. Missing individual lines does not make it a mere guide, a machine-only rule, or a two-bay permission.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 66(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0018","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What does a disabled persons' parking bay marking show?","options":["A loading bay","A recharging bay","An advisory space unless an upright sign is also present","A disabled persons' parking bay"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 67 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that this marking indicates a disabled persons' parking bay. It is not a loading bay or a recharging bay, and the marking itself is what shows the bay.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 67(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0019","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You see a disabled persons' parking bay marking on the roadway and no upright sign beside it. What does the marking show?","options":["A disabled persons' parking bay","A loading bay until a sign is added","A recharging bay","An advisory space because there is no upright sign"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Under Regulation 67 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the marking indicates a disabled persons' parking bay. An upright sign is not required for that indication. It is not a loading bay or a recharging bay, and it is not merely advisory without a post.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 67(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0020","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which markings may be used to show a pay parking area?","options":["Only perpendicular bays","The parking bay markings, including the disabled persons' bay marking","A marking used only for pay parking and for nothing else","Bay markings never show pay parking"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 68 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the parallel, perpendicular, angled and no-individual-bay markings, and the disabled persons' parking bay marking, may be provided to indicate a pay parking area. Pay parking does not need its own unique marking, and it is not limited to perpendicular bays.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 68(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0021","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"May a disabled persons' bay marking be used in a pay parking area?","options":["No, only perpendicular bays may be used to show a pay parking area","No, pay parking needs its own marking that is not a bay marking","No, bay markings never show pay parking on a public road","Yes, that marking may be used to show a pay parking area"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Under Regulation 68 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the disabled persons' parking bay marking is listed among the markings that may be provided to indicate a pay parking area. It is not excluded, and pay parking does not require a separate unique marking.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 68(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0022","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"The word TAXIS is painted in white on the roadway between end lines. What does that marking show?","options":["A taxi stand","A bus stop","A loading bay","A pay parking area"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Regulation 80 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the taxi stand marking consists of the word TAXIS in white, with end lines, and indicates the location of a stand for taxis. It is not a bus stop, a loading bay, or a pay parking area.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 80(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0023","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You want to wait at a marking that reads TAXIS in white between end lines while a passenger walks over. What is that marking?","options":["A bus stop","A taxi stand","A loading bay","A pay parking area"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Under Regulation 80 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, that marking shows where a taxi stand is. It is not a bus stop, a loading bay, or a pay parking area. The marking tells you what the place is.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 80(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0024","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What do bus stop markings show?","options":["A place any vehicle may stop for one minute while waiting for a passenger to return to the vehicle after leaving a shop","A line-up area for buses only, with no effect on other vehicles that stop or park there beside the kerb","The area at a bus stopping place or stand in which vehicles other than large public service vehicles must not be stopped or parked","A loading bay marked for goods vehicles unloading at the kerb for as long as the driver needs to stay"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 81 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that bus stop markings indicate the area at a stopping place or stand for large public service vehicles within which other vehicles are not to be stopped or parked. They are not a one-minute wait, not a loading bay, and not a marking with no effect on other vehicles.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 81(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0025","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Which vehicles may stop or park inside bus stop markings?","options":["Large public service vehicles","Any vehicle, for one minute","Any vehicle lining up behind a bus","Goods vehicles using it as a loading bay"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Under Regulation 81 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the markings show the area in which vehicles other than large public service vehicles must not be stopped or parked. A one-minute wait, lining up, or treating it as a loading bay does not authorise other vehicles.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 81(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0026","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You stop inside bus stop markings to let a passenger out. Are you allowed to do that in a vehicle that is not a large public service vehicle?","options":["Yes, any vehicle may stop for one minute","No, other vehicles must not be stopped or parked there","Yes, the markings are only for buses to line up in","Yes, they mark a loading bay"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 81 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 forbids vehicles other than large public service vehicles from being stopped or parked in that area. Letting a passenger out is still a stop. The markings are not a one-minute concession, a line-up only, or a loading bay.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 81(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0027","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What words may be painted on a car share parking bay?","options":["Any car with two or more people aboard","TAXI, because it is a taxi bay","Car Share, Car Club, or Car Club Only","A legend that any electric vehicle may use it"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 83 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the car share parking bay marking consists of the words Car Share, Car Club, or Car Club Only, written on the roadway in white. It is not a bay for any car with passengers, not a taxi stand, and not a bay for electric vehicles of any kind.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulations 83(1), (2) and 84(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0028","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"How does a car share parking bay differ from an ordinary parking bay?","options":["Any car with two or more people aboard may use it as an ordinary bay","It is a taxi bay","It is a bay for electric vehicles of any kind","The words Car Share, Car Club, or Car Club Only mark it as a car share bay"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Under Regulation 83 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, those words indicate a car share vehicle parking bay, which is not an ordinary parking bay. Occupancy of the vehicle, a taxi, or an electric vehicle of any kind is not what the marking shows.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulations 83(1), (2) and 84(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0029","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A car share bay also has the electrically powered vehicle symbol painted on it. What is that bay?","options":["An ordinary parking bay for any car with passengers","A car share recharging and parking bay","A taxi bay","A bay for electric vehicles of any kind, without the car share words"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 84 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the car share electrically powered vehicle recharging and parking bay has the electrically powered vehicle symbol and the words Car Share. The symbol on its own, without those words, is a different marking.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulations 83(1), (2) and 84(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0030","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"The electrically powered vehicle symbol is painted in white on the roadway, without car share words. What does that marking show?","options":["A parking bay for any small vehicle","A disabled persons' parking bay","An electrically powered vehicle recharging bay","A bay for hybrid vehicles"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 85 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the electrically powered vehicle symbol painted in white on the roadway indicates an electrically powered vehicle recharging bay. It is not a general small-vehicle bay, a disabled persons' bay, or a hybrid-vehicle bay.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 85(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0031","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"How does an electrically powered vehicle recharging bay marking differ from a car share recharging bay?","options":["Both mark a parking bay for any small vehicle, with no further distinction between them","Both mark a disabled persons' bay, whether or not the electrically powered vehicle symbol is shown","Both mark a bay for hybrid vehicles as well as for fully electric vehicles","The recharging bay is the symbol alone; the car share recharging bay adds the car share words"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Under Regulation 85 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the recharging bay is the electrically powered vehicle symbol in white. Regulation 84 adds the words Car Share to that symbol for the car share recharging and parking bay. Neither marking is a small-vehicle bay, a disabled persons' bay, or a hybrid-vehicle bay.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 85(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0032","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A continuous white line runs along a lane with the words LÁNA BUS painted in white. What is that?","options":["The bus lane marking","A marking that means taxis only","An advisory line with no legal meaning","A marking that, by the words alone, makes the lane a bus lane"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Regulation 75 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 describes the bus lane marking as a continuous white line with the words LÁNA BUS in white. That marking, with the bus lane sign, indicates a bus lane. The words alone do not suffice, it is not advisory, and it does not mean taxis only.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 75(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0033","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Does the bus lane marking work on its own, or with the upright bus lane sign?","options":["The words alone make the lane a bus lane without any upright sign","The marking is advisory and does not indicate a bus lane on its own","The marking and the upright sign work together to indicate a bus lane","The marking means taxis only, without any bus being allowed in the lane"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Under Regulation 75 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the bus lane marking indicates a bus lane in association with the nearside, offside or contra-flow bus lane sign. The words alone do not make the lane, the marking is not advisory, and it does not mean taxis only.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 75(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0034","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What is a continuous white line along a tram lane?","options":["An ordinary lane line","A no overtaking line","The edge of the roadway","The tram lane line"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 90 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the tram lane line is a continuous white line which, with the tram lane sign, indicates a tram lane. It is not an ordinary lane line, not a no overtaking marking, and not an edge of roadway marking.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 90(1), (4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0035","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Does the tram lane line work on its own, or with the tram lane sign?","options":["The line and the tram lane sign work together to indicate a tram lane","It is an ordinary lane line on its own, with no tram meaning","It means no overtaking on its own, without any tram lane sign","It marks the edge of the roadway on its own, without a tram lane sign"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Under Regulation 90 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the nearside or offside tram lane sign, in association with the tram lane line, indicates a tram lane. The line is not an ordinary lane line, a no overtaking marking, or an edge marking.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 90(1), (4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-markings-0036","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What does a tram stop line mark?","options":["The point where other traffic must stop when a tram is approaching","The point beyond which a light rail vehicle must not go when it is stopping","A tram platform edge marked for boarding and alighting passengers","A pedestrian crossing marked across the tram street"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 88 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the tram stop line indicates the point beyond which a light rail vehicle shall not proceed when stopping in compliance with the relevant tram signal or stop sign. It is not a stop line for other traffic, a platform marking, or a pedestrian crossing.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 88(4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-motorway-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A continuous yellow line runs along the left of a motorway carriageway. What does it mark?","options":["No parking at any time, as a yellow line does at a town kerb","A bus lane","The right-hand edge of the carriageway","The left-hand edge of the carriageway"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 77 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, as substituted, provides that a continuous yellow line marks the left-hand edge of the carriageway of a motorway or protected road. It is not a town kerb no-parking line, not a bus lane, and not the right-hand edge.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 77, as substituted by S.I. No. 205 of 2026, reg. 3(d)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2026/si/205/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-motorway-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"On a motorway you see a continuous yellow line on the left and take it for a no-parking line, as at a town kerb. What does that line mark here?","options":["The left-hand edge of the carriageway of a motorway or protected road","No parking at any time, as a yellow line does at a town kerb","A bus lane running along the left of the motorway carriageway","The right-hand edge of the carriageway of a motorway or protected road"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Under Regulation 77 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, as substituted, that continuous yellow line marks the left-hand edge of the carriageway on a motorway or protected road. The town kerb meaning of a yellow line does not apply here. It is not a bus lane and not the right-hand edge.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 77, as substituted by S.I. No. 205 of 2026, reg. 3(d)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2026/si/205/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-motorway-0003","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A continuous white line runs along the right of a motorway carriageway. What does it mark?","options":["The centre of the carriageway","The right-hand edge of the carriageway","A hard shoulder","A no overtaking line"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 78 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, as substituted, provides that a continuous white line marks the right-hand edge of the carriageway of a motorway, a protected road or a dual carriageway. It is not a centre line, not a hard shoulder, and not a no overtaking marking.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 78, as substituted by S.I. No. 205 of 2026, reg. 3(d)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2026/si/205/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-motorway-0004","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"On a protected road you take the continuous white line on the right for a lane line. What is it?","options":["The centre of the carriageway","A hard shoulder","The right-hand edge of the carriageway","A no overtaking line"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Under Regulation 78 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, as substituted, a continuous white line marks the right-hand edge of the carriageway of a motorway, a protected road or a dual carriageway. A lane line is a broken white line under a different regulation. This edge line is not the centre, a hard shoulder, or a no overtaking marking.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 78, as substituted by S.I. No. 205 of 2026, reg. 3(d)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2026/si/205/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-motorway-0005","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A broken white line runs beside a motorway slip road. What does it mark?","options":["The boundary of an access lane or an exit lane","A lane you may not enter from the motorway or from the slip road","The edge of the hard shoulder along the motorway carriageway","A no overtaking line along the motorway carriageway"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Regulation 79 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that a broken white line indicates the boundary of an access lane or an exit lane on a motorway. It is not a lane you must not enter, not a hard shoulder edge, and not a no overtaking marking.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 79(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-motorway-0006","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You are joining a motorway across a broken white line at the end of the slip road. What is that line?","options":["A lane you may not enter","The boundary of the access lane","The edge of the hard shoulder","A no overtaking line"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Under Regulation 79 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, that broken white line marks the boundary of an access lane on a motorway. It is the line you cross when joining, not a bar on entry, not a hard shoulder edge, and not a no overtaking marking.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 79(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-motorway-0007","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"You are leaving a motorway by an exit lane marked with a broken white line. What does that line mark?","options":["A lane you may not enter","The edge of the hard shoulder","The boundary of the exit lane","A no overtaking line"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 79 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the same broken white line marks the boundary of an exit lane on a motorway. It is not a forbidden lane, not a hard shoulder edge, and not a no overtaking marking.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 79(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-motorway-0008","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A green arrow pointing down is shown over your lane. What does that mean?","options":["The green arrow gives you priority over merging traffic","You must slow down in that lane","The lane bends, so you must change lane","The lane is open and you may go on in it"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 37 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that a green arrow pointing downwards means the traffic lane is open and traffic in that lane may proceed or continue in it. It does not give priority over merging traffic, it is not a slow-down signal, and it is not an inclined arrow that requires a lane change.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 37(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-motorway-0009","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A traffic lane control sign is mounted at the side of the road rather than over a lane. Which lane does it control?","options":["Every lane on that carriageway","The traffic lane beside the sign","Only the lane that later shows a red X","No lane, because a side-mounted sign is only advice"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Under Regulation 37 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the sign may be mounted above a lane or to the side of the road. When it is at the side, it indicates to traffic in the lane beside the sign that traffic must stop or the direction traffic must take. A side-mounted sign is not advice and it does not control every lane.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 37(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-motorway-0010","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A traffic lane control sign over your lane shows an arrow inclined to the right. What must you do?","options":["Treat the inclined arrow as meaning the lane bends","Stay in the lane because a green arrow would be needed","Move into the next lane to the right","Slow down, because a red X is next"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 37 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that an arrow pointing to the right at an angle from the vertical means traffic in that lane shall move into the adjacent traffic lane in the direction the arrow shows. It is not a bend warning, not optional, and not a slow-down signal.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 37(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-motorway-0011","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A red X is shown over the lane beside you, while your own lane shows a green arrow pointing down. What applies to you?","options":["You must leave your lane because a red X means slow down","You must stop, because any red X closes every lane","The green arrow is only advice while a red X is showing nearby","You may go on in your own lane"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Under Regulation 37 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, each sign controls the lane it hangs above or sits beside. A green arrow over your lane means that lane is open. A red X over the next lane closes that other lane. The red X does not mean slow down in your lane, and the green arrow is not advice.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 37(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-motorway-0012","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"What does a traffic lane control sign tell you in general?","options":["That traffic must stop, or the direction traffic must take","That a green arrow gives you priority over merging traffic","That a red X means slow down","That an inclined arrow means the lane bends"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Regulation 37 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the traffic lane control sign indicates to traffic in the lane that traffic must stop or the direction in which traffic must proceed. A green arrow does not confer priority, a red X closes the lane rather than meaning slow down, and an inclined arrow requires a move into the next lane, not a warning of a bend.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 37(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-motorway-0013","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A sign over a motorway hard shoulder is showing, with a wide continuous yellow line. What do the sign and that line together show?","options":["A facility that runs at all hours, whether the sign is lit or not","That the line alone is enough, without the sign","A bus priority facility on that hard shoulder","That the line means no parking"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 10A of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, as inserted, provides that the bus priority facility sign, in association with the wide continuous yellow line, indicates a bus priority facility, and that the sign is displayed when the facility is in operation. The line on its own is not the indication, the sign is not displayed at all hours, and the line is not a town no-parking marking.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 10A(1), inserted by S.I. No. 205 of 2026, reg. 3(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2026/si/205/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-motorway-0014","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"The bus priority facility sign over a motorway hard shoulder is not being displayed. What does that tell you?","options":["The facility is in operation at all hours, whether or not the sign is displayed","The wide yellow line on its own keeps the facility in operation","The line means no parking, so the shoulder is reserved in any case","The facility is not in operation, because the sign shows when it is"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Under Regulation 10A of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, as inserted, the bus priority facility sign is operated to display when the facility is in operation, and it is that sign, with the wide continuous yellow line, that indicates the facility. The line does not keep the facility in operation on its own, the sign is not displayed at all hours, and the line is not a no-parking marking.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 10A(1), inserted by S.I. No. 205 of 2026, reg. 3(c)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2026/si/205/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-motorway-0015","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"A lit road tunnel speed limit sign is showing at the tunnel entrance. What does that sign tell you?","options":["The limit displayed is the limit for the road in the tunnel","The sign is advisory and the usual road limit still applies in the tunnel","The usual road limit still applies instead of the limit shown on the sign","The sign applies to goods vehicles only, not to other traffic in the tunnel"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Regulation 35 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that while the road tunnel speed limit sign displays a limit, that is the limit for the road in the tunnel. It is not advisory, it is not displaced by the usual road limit, and it is not limited to goods vehicles.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 35(1), (4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-motorway-0016","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"rules-of-the-road","stem":"Why may there be no fixed speed limit sign inside a road tunnel?","options":["Because the lit sign is only advisory, so every vehicle keeps the usual road limit in the tunnel","Where the tunnel speed limit sign is provided, the fixed speed limit signs are not required in that tunnel","Because the usual road limit still applies inside the tunnel even while the sign is lit","Because the lit sign applies to goods vehicles only and other traffic keeps the usual limit"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Under Regulation 35 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, where the road tunnel speed limit sign is provided, the fixed speed limit signs are not required in that tunnel. The lit sign is the limit for the road in the tunnel, not advice, not a goods-only rule, and not a reason to keep applying a different usual limit.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 35(1), (4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-roadworks-0001","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"At roadworks, this disc is shown facing your stream of traffic. Where must you stop?","options":["Level with the person holding it","Wherever the road ahead looks clear","Only if you are in a heavy vehicle","In advance of the sign"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 32 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that when the STOP disc is exhibited facing your stream, traffic must stop in advance of the sign. Stopping level with the person, rolling on because the road looks empty, or treating it as a heavy-vehicle rule does not meet that requirement.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 32(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-060.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-roadworks-0002","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"This disc is shown facing you at roadworks. How long must you stay stopped?","options":["For as long as the disc is shown","Until the road beyond looks empty","Only until you draw level with the person holding it","Only if you are in a heavy vehicle"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Under Regulation 32 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, traffic must remain stopped so long as the STOP disc is exhibited. The duty is not lifted when the road beyond looks empty, when you reach the person, or because you are not in a heavy vehicle.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 32(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-060.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-roadworks-0003","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"The road beyond looks empty and this disc is shown facing you at roadworks. What must you do?","options":["Go on once the road ahead looks clear","Stop in advance of the sign and stay stopped while it is shown","Stop level with the person holding it, then go","Treat it as applying to heavy vehicles only"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 32 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 requires traffic to stop in advance of the STOP disc and remain stopped so long as it is exhibited. An empty look to the road beyond does not authorise you to go on, and the disc is not limited to heavy vehicles.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 32(1), (2)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-060.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-roadworks-0004","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"You are in a stream of traffic at roadworks and this disc is shown facing it. What does it tell you?","options":["Go only if the way is clear of workers","The roadworks have finished","Traffic may go on, or start to go on","The road ahead is closed to traffic"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 32 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the GO disc indicates that traffic may proceed or commence to proceed. It does not add a workers-clear condition, it does not mean the roadworks have finished, and it does not mean the road ahead is closed.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 32(3), (4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"},"image":{"src":"/signs/rus-061.svg","alt":"Road sign"}},{"id":"u8-roadworks-0005","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"The disc facing you at roadworks shows the word Téigh. What sign is that?","options":["The same GO disc, which may read GO or Téigh","A different sign used only in Irish-speaking areas","A sign that means the roadworks have finished","A sign that means go only if the way is clear of workers"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Under Regulation 32 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, the GO disc shows the word GO or Téigh. Those legends are the same sign. The Irish word is not a regional variation, not a finished-works sign, and not a workers-clear condition.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 32(3), (4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-roadworks-0006","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"Who shows the STOP and GO discs at roadworks, and how?","options":["Only a Garda, and no other person may show the discs","An authorised person, hand held or by a mechanical device that person controls","A timer set by the council, with no person in control of the discs","A detector that turns the discs when a vehicle arrives at the works"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Regulation 32 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that the discs may be exhibited, hand-held or by a mechanical device that is manually controlled, by an authorised person. The provision does not confine that to a Garda, and it does not put the discs on a council timer or a vehicle detector.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 32(5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-roadworks-0007","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"What decides when a STOP or GO disc is turned at roadworks?","options":["A fixed timer set by the council for every site","Only a Garda may decide when the disc is turned","The intervals the authorised person decides, or what traffic demand requires","A detector that turns the disc when a vehicle is sensed at the works"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Under Regulation 32 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, an authorised person exhibits the disc at intervals determined by that person or where traffic flow demand requires. There is no council timer in that provision, no Garda-only rule, and no vehicle-detector rule.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 32(5)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-roadworks-0008","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"Two STOP discs are mounted back to back at roadworks. Which traffic do they stop?","options":["Only the first vehicle in each queue","They show STOP and GO at once, so both streams may go","They are advisory panels only","Two streams at once"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Regulation 32 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 provides that where two streams of traffic must stop and remain stopped, two STOP discs may be mounted back-to-back as a single panel facing those streams. The panel does not show both meanings at once, it is not limited to the first vehicle, and it is not advisory.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 32(6)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-roadworks-0009","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"A STOP disc and a GO disc are mounted back to back at shuttle working. What does that let happen?","options":["Both meanings shown at once to both streams","One stream through at a time, as the panel is turned","Only the first vehicle in each stream may move","An advisory panel with no effect on either stream"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Under Regulation 32 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025, for shuttle working the two discs are mounted back-to-back and rotated so that STOP faces one stream and GO faces the other, letting one stream through at a time. The panel does not show both meanings to the same stream, it is not limited to the first vehicle, and it is not advisory.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 32(6)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u8-roadworks-0010","exams":["BW","AM","D"],"topic":"hazard-awareness","stem":"A keep left sign is shown in variable message form on a works vehicle that is moving slowly along the road. What applies?","options":["A sign on a moving vehicle has no effect","You may pass on either side","You must pass to the left of the sign","The sign applies only when the vehicle is parked"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Regulation 4 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 allows the keep left, keep right and pass either side signs to be shown in variable message form on a roadworks vehicle that is standing still or moving along the road during mobile roadworks. A keep left display still requires you to pass to the left. Movement of the vehicle does not cancel the sign.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Traffic Signs) Regulations 2025 (S.I. No. 433 of 2025)","provision":"Regulation 4(4)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/433/made/en/html","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u9-scope-0004","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You drive a coach built to carry more than nine people including the driver. Do the EU drivers' hours rules cover this vehicle?","options":["No, because those rules cover goods vehicles only","No, because the passenger threshold counts passengers only and ignores the driver","No, because the rules apply only on international passenger work","Yes, because it is built to carry more than nine people including the driver"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Vehicles built to carry more than nine people including the driver are inside the EU drivers' hours rules. The count includes the driver, and the rule is not limited to goods vehicles or to international passenger work. This is the scope rule in Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 2(1)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_2","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-scope-0005","exams":["D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You drive a minibus built for eight passengers and a driver on a local run. Do the EU drivers' hours rules cover this vehicle?","options":["No, because it is not built to carry more than nine people including the driver","Yes, because any passenger vehicle is covered whatever its size","Yes, because the passenger threshold counts passengers only, not the driver","Yes, because the rules cover every vehicle used on a public road"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The passenger threshold is more than nine people including the driver. Eight passengers plus the driver is nine people in total, so this minibus sits outside the EU drivers' hours rules. Counting passengers alone, or treating every passenger vehicle as covered, is the wrong test. This is the scope rule in Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 2(1)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_2","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0001","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"What is the ordinary daily driving time limit under the EU drivers' hours rules?","options":["8 hours","9 hours","11 hours","12 hours"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The daily driving time shall not exceed nine hours. A longer day is a limited exception, not the ordinary cap, and 8, 11 or 12 hours are not the figure. This is the daily driving limit in Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 6(1)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_6","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0002","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You have already driven 9 hours today on a national road run and still have one delivery to make. What does the daily driving limit allow?","options":["You may keep driving because the limit is on the working day rather than on driving","You may keep driving if your employer authorises a longer day","You may drive for up to 10 hours only if you have not already used both longer days this week","You must stop at once, because 9 hours can never be extended"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Daily driving is ordinarily 9 hours and may run to 10 hours no more than twice in a week. The cap is on driving time, not on the working day, and an employer cannot authorise a longer day beyond that limit. This is the daily driving limit in Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 6(1)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_6","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0003","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"When may daily driving run to 10 hours?","options":["Whenever your employer authorises a longer day","On any three days in a week","Whenever the working day itself is longer than 9 hours","No more than twice in a week"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Daily driving may be extended to 10 hours no more than twice in a week. A third longer day is not allowed, and neither an employer nor a longer working day can raise the driving cap. This is the daily driving limit in Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 6(1)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_6","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0004","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"How often in a week may you extend daily driving to 10 hours?","options":["No more than twice","No more than three times","As often as the work needs","Once only"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The 10 hour day is allowed no more than twice in a week. Three times is too many, and the extra hour is not available whenever the work needs it. This is the daily driving limit in Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 6(1)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_6","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0005","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You have already driven 10 hours on two days this week. The depot asks you to drive 10 hours again tomorrow. What does the daily driving limit require?","options":["You may do it if your employer puts the request in writing","You must not drive for 10 hours again this week","You may do it because three longer days are allowed in a week","You may do it if tomorrow is an international run"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The 10 hour day may be used no more than twice in a week, so a third longer day is not allowed. An employer cannot authorise it, and international work does not add a further longer day. This is the daily driving limit in Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 6(1)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_6","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0006","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"What is the weekly driving time limit under the EU drivers' hours rules?","options":["48 hours","60 hours","56 hours","90 hours"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Weekly driving time shall not exceed 56 hours. 48 and 60 hours are neighbouring figures that are not the weekly cap, and 90 hours is the limit across any two weeks, not one week. This is the weekly driving limit in Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 6(2), (3)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_6","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0007","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You are planning driving for this week and next on a long international trip. What limit binds driving over any two weeks?","options":["56 hours in any two weeks","100 hours in any two weeks","112 hours in any two weeks","90 hours in any two weeks"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Driving over any two weeks is limited to 90 hours. That two-week cap is not 100 or 112 hours, and 56 hours is the limit for a single week. The two-week limit is not confined to international work. This is the two-week driving limit in Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 6(2), (3)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_6","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0008","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You have driven 56 hours this week. What binds your driving next week?","options":["Driving over the two weeks together must stay within 90 hours","Next week has no driving limit because this week used the weekly cap","Next week is limited only if the work is international","You may drive 56 hours again without any two-week limit"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The weekly cap of 56 hours still sits beside the two-week cap of 90 hours. Using the weekly limit this week does not wipe the two-week limit, and that two-week limit is not confined to international work. This is the weekly and two-week driving limit in Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 6(2), (3)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_6","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0009","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"What is the limit on driving time across any two weeks?","options":["56 hours","90 hours","100 hours","112 hours"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Driving over any two weeks is limited to 90 hours. 56 hours is the weekly driving limit, not the two-week figure, and 100 or 112 hours is above the cap. This is the two-week driving limit in Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 6(2), (3)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_6","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0010","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"How much driving may you do before a break is due?","options":["2 hours","3 hours","4.5 hours","6 hours"],"correct":2,"explanation":"After 4.5 hours of driving you must take a break. A break every 2 hours is not the rule, and you may not press on to 6 hours before stopping. This is the break rule in Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 7","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_7","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0011","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"After 4.5 hours of driving, how long must the break be if you take it in one go?","options":["At least 15 minutes","At least 30 minutes","At least 60 minutes","At least 45 minutes"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Taken in one go, the break after 4.5 hours of driving is an uninterrupted break of not less than 45 minutes. A 15 minute or 30 minute stop on its own is not enough, and an hour is more than the rule requires. This is the break rule in Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 7","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_7","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0012","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You want to split the break that is due after 4.5 hours of driving. Under the ordinary rule, in what order must the two parts be taken?","options":["15 minutes first, then 30 minutes","30 minutes first, then 15 minutes","20 minutes first, then 25 minutes","Either order, as long as the two parts add to 45 minutes"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Under the ordinary rule a split break is 15 minutes followed by 30 minutes, in that order. Reversing the parts, or splitting as 20 and 25 minutes, does not meet it, even if the two stops add to 45 minutes. This is the break rule in Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 7","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_7","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0013","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"After 4.5 hours at the wheel you stopped for 30 minutes and now want a 10 minute stop to finish the break. Does that satisfy the break rule?","options":["Yes, because two stops taken in the same driving period always count together","No, because a stop of 10 minutes is too short to count as part of the break","Yes, because 30 minutes alone is enough for the whole break","Yes, if the second stop is taken within an hour of the first"],"correct":1,"explanation":"A split break is a stop of at least 15 minutes followed by a stop of at least 30 minutes, so a 10 minute stop is too short to stand as either part and the break is not finished. A 30 minute stop on its own is not enough either, and the gap between the stops does not make a short stop count. This is the break rule in Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 7","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_7","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0014","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"What break must you take after 4.5 hours of driving?","options":["A break of at least 30 minutes, with no further stop required","A break of at least 15 minutes, then another two hours of driving","A break of at least 45 minutes, which may be split as 15 minutes then 30 minutes","A break of one hour after you have driven for six hours"],"correct":2,"explanation":"After 4.5 hours of driving you must take a break of at least 45 minutes. That break may be split only as 15 minutes then 30 minutes. A 30 minute or 15 minute stop is not enough, and waiting until six hours for an hour off is not the rule. This is the break rule in Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 7","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_7","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0015","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"What is the ordinary daily rest under the EU drivers' hours rules?","options":["At least 8 hours","At least 9 hours","At least 10 hours","At least 11 hours"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Ordinary daily rest is any period of rest of at least 11 hours. Nine hours is the reduced daily rest, not the ordinary figure, and 8 or 10 hours is not a daily rest figure. This is the daily rest rule in Article 8 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 4(g) and Article 8(2), (4)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0016","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You want to take your daily rest in two parts after a long national road run. How must those parts be arranged?","options":["3 hours first, then 9 hours","4 hours first, then 7 hours","9 hours first, then 3 hours","Any split that adds to 11 hours"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Daily rest may be taken as 3 hours followed by 9 hours. A 4 and 7 split is not the permitted pattern, and reversing the parts is not the same rule. Adding to 11 hours in some other split does not meet it. This is the daily rest rule in Article 8 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 4(g) and Article 8(2), (4)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0017","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"What is the shortest reduced daily rest you may take?","options":["At least 8 hours","At least 9 hours","At least 10 hours","At least 11 hours"],"correct":1,"explanation":"A reduced daily rest must still be at least 9 hours. Eight hours is too short, 10 hours is not the reduced figure, and 11 hours is the ordinary daily rest. This is the daily rest rule in Article 8 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 4(g) and Article 8(2), (4)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0018","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"How many reduced daily rests may you take between two weekly rests?","options":["As often as the work needs","Two reduced rests only","No more than three times","One reduced rest only"],"correct":2,"explanation":"Daily rest may be reduced to at least 9 hours no more than three times between two weekly rests. The work cannot demand more reduced rests than that, and the cap is three, not one or two. This is the daily rest rule in Article 8 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 4(g) and Article 8(2), (4)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0019","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"After a long run you plan to take 8 hours off overnight and ask whether that will do for daily rest. What is the answer?","options":["Yes, because 8 hours is the ordinary daily rest","Yes, because 8 hours is the shortest reduced daily rest","Yes, if your employer agrees to the shorter rest","No, because even a reduced daily rest must be at least 9 hours"],"correct":3,"explanation":"Even a reduced daily rest must be at least 9 hours, so 8 hours off will not do. Ordinary daily rest is 11 hours, and an employer cannot agree a shorter rest than the rule allows. This is the daily rest rule in Article 8 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 4(g) and Article 8(2), (4)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0020","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"What are the ordinary and reduced daily rest figures under the EU drivers' hours rules?","options":["At least 11 hours ordinarily, or at least 9 hours when reduced","At least 10 hours ordinarily, or at least 8 hours when reduced","At least 9 hours ordinarily, with no reduced figure","At least 12 hours ordinarily, or at least 10 hours when reduced"],"correct":0,"explanation":"Ordinary daily rest is at least 11 hours, and a reduced daily rest is at least 9 hours. Those are the two figures; 8, 10 and 12 hours are not daily rest figures under this rule. This is the daily rest rule in Article 8 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 4(g) and Article 8(2), (4)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0021","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"What is the ordinary weekly rest under the EU drivers' hours rules?","options":["At least 24 hours","At least 45 hours","At least 36 hours","At least 48 hours"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Ordinary weekly rest is any period of rest of at least 45 hours. Twenty-four hours is the reduced weekly rest, not the ordinary figure, and 36 or 48 hours is not a weekly rest figure. This is the weekly rest rule in Article 8 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 4(h) and Article 8(6), (6b)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0022","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"What is the shortest reduced weekly rest you may take?","options":["At least 11 hours","At least 36 hours","At least 24 hours","At least 45 hours"],"correct":2,"explanation":"A reduced weekly rest must be at least 24 hours. Thirty-six hours is not the reduced figure, 11 hours is a daily rest figure, and 45 hours is the ordinary weekly rest. This is the weekly rest rule in Article 8 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 4(h) and Article 8(6), (6b)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0023","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Over any two weeks, what weekly rest pattern does the ordinary rule require?","options":["Two reduced weekly rests, with no regular rest","One weekly rest in the two weeks is enough","Daily rests alone are enough if you take one every day","Two regular weekly rests, or one regular and one reduced"],"correct":3,"explanation":"In any two weeks the ordinary rule is two regular weekly rests, or one regular weekly rest and one reduced weekly rest of at least 24 hours. A single weekly rest does not cover the two weeks, and daily rests do not stand in for a weekly rest. This is the weekly rest rule in Article 8 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 4(h) and Article 8(6), (6b)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0024","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You take a reduced weekly rest after a busy week. By when must the reduction be made up?","options":["By the end of the third week following it","In the following week only","Never, because a reduction does not have to be made up","Before you next drive"],"correct":0,"explanation":"A reduced weekly rest must be made up by the end of the third week following it. It is not enough to treat the following week as the only window, and the reduction is not written off. This is the weekly rest rule in Article 8 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 4(h) and Article 8(6), (6b)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-hours-0025","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"What are the ordinary and reduced weekly rest figures under the EU drivers' hours rules?","options":["At least 48 hours ordinarily, or at least 24 hours when reduced","At least 45 hours ordinarily, or at least 24 hours when reduced","At least 45 hours ordinarily, or at least 36 hours when reduced","At least 36 hours ordinarily, or at least 24 hours when reduced"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Ordinary weekly rest is at least 45 hours, and a reduced weekly rest is at least 24 hours. Forty-eight and 36 hours are not weekly rest figures under this rule. This is the weekly rest rule in Article 8 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport","provision":"Article 4(h) and Article 8(6), (6b)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R0561-20241231#art_8","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-tacho-0001","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You have only a short local run today. Must you still use a record sheet or your driver card?","options":["No, because records are needed only on days with a long run","No, because records are needed only on international work","Yes, because you must use a record sheet or driver card every day you drive","No, because the office keeps the record instead of you"],"correct":2,"explanation":"A record sheet or driver card is used every day on which you drive, including a short local run. The duty is not confined to long runs or international work, and the office keeping a copy does not replace your use of the record. This is the recording duty in Article 34 of Regulation (EU) No 165/2014.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 34(1)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231#art_34","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-tacho-0002","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"When must the day's tachograph record start?","options":["From the first delivery","Once you leave the depot yard","When you reach the open road","From the moment you take over the vehicle"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The record starts from the moment you take over the vehicle, not from the first delivery or from reaching the open road. Waiting until you leave the yard is also too late. This is the recording duty in Article 34 of Regulation (EU) No 165/2014.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 34(1)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231#art_34","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-tacho-0003","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You plan to start the tachograph record once you are out on the open road. What does the law require instead?","options":["Start the record from the moment you take over the vehicle","Start the record from the first delivery only","Leave the record to the office, which keeps it for you","Start the record only if the run is international"],"correct":0,"explanation":"The record must start from the moment you take over the vehicle. Waiting until the open road, the first delivery, or an international border is too late, and the office cannot keep the record in your place. This is the recording duty in Article 34 of Regulation (EU) No 165/2014.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 34(1)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231#art_34","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-tacho-0004","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"How often must you use a record sheet or your driver card?","options":["Only on international work","Every day on which you drive","Only on days with a long run","Once a week when you return to the depot"],"correct":1,"explanation":"Drivers shall use record sheets or driver cards every day on which they drive. The duty is not limited to international work or long runs, and a weekly return to the depot is not the recording interval. This is the recording duty in Article 34 of Regulation (EU) No 165/2014.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 34(1)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231#art_34","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-tacho-0005","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"You are at the wheel on a national road run. What records must you have with you?","options":["Only the record for the current day","The records for the current day and the previous 14 days","Your driver card and the records for the current day and the previous 56 days","No records in the vehicle, because they may be sent on from the depot afterwards"],"correct":2,"explanation":"You must carry your driver card and the records for the current day and the previous 56 days. Carrying only today, or only 14 days, is not enough, and sending records on later does not meet the duty at the roadside. This is the carrying duty in Article 36 of Regulation (EU) No 165/2014.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 36(1), (2)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231#art_36","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-tacho-0006","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"How far back must the tachograph records you carry go?","options":["The current day only","The previous 14 days","The previous 28 days","The previous 56 days, plus the current day"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The records you carry are those for the current day and the preceding 56 days. Fourteen days or the current day alone is not enough. This is the carrying duty in Article 36 of Regulation (EU) No 165/2014.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 36(1), (2)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231#art_36","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-tacho-0007","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"A Garda roadside check finds you have today's records, but last month's records were left at the depot. Have you carried what the law requires?","options":["No, because you must also carry the records for the previous 56 days","Yes, because records may be sent on from the depot afterwards","Yes, because only the current day must be in the vehicle","Yes, because 28 days of records is enough"],"correct":0,"explanation":"You must have with you the records for the current day and the previous 56 days. Leaving last month's records at the depot does not meet that duty, and sending them on later is not enough. This is the carrying duty in Article 36 of Regulation (EU) No 165/2014.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 36(1), (2)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231#art_36","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-tacho-0008","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"For how many previous days must you carry tachograph records, as well as the current day?","options":["14 days","56 days","28 days","7 days"],"correct":1,"explanation":"The records you carry cover the current day and the preceding 56 days. Fourteen or 7 days is too short. This is the carrying duty in Article 36 of Regulation (EU) No 165/2014.","source":{"instrument":"Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 on tachographs in road transport","provision":"Article 36(1), (2)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R0165-20241231#art_36","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"fact-restated"}},{"id":"u9-tacho-0009","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Your employer treats the driving time and rest rules as depot policy rather than law. What is their standing in the State?","options":["They are guidance only, so a breach is not an offence here","Only the employer commits an offence if they are broken","Breaking them is an offence here, not only a matter of depot policy","They apply only outside the State"],"correct":2,"explanation":"In the State, breaking the EU rules on driving time, breaks, rest or tachographs is an offence. They are not mere guidance or depot policy, the driver is not excused because the employer wrote them as policy, and they are not confined to work outside the State. This is regulation 41 of the European Union (Road Transport) (Working Conditions and Road Safety) Regulations 2017.","source":{"instrument":"European Union (Road Transport) (Working Conditions and Road Safety) Regulations 2017 (S.I. No. 229 of 2017)","provision":"Regulation 41","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2017/si/229/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u9-tacho-0010","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"drivers-hours-and-tachographs","stem":"Which rules does the offence in the State cover?","options":["Tachograph rules only","Driving time rules only","Rest rules only, and only outside the State","Driving time, breaks, rest and tachographs"],"correct":3,"explanation":"The offence in the State covers breaches of the EU rules on driving time, breaks, rest and tachographs. It is not limited to tachograph breaches or to driving time alone, and it is not confined to work outside the State. This is regulation 41 of the European Union (Road Transport) (Working Conditions and Road Safety) Regulations 2017.","source":{"instrument":"European Union (Road Transport) (Working Conditions and Road Safety) Regulations 2017 (S.I. No. 229 of 2017)","provision":"Regulation 41","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2017/si/229/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}},{"id":"u9-weights-0001","exams":["C","D"],"topic":"heavy-vehicle-technical-checks","stem":"What is the greatest overall length allowed for a combination of vehicles?","options":["18.75 metres","16.50 metres","18 metres","20 metres"],"correct":0,"explanation":"A combination of vehicles shall not exceed 18.75 metres, measured over the whole combination. 16.50 metres, 18 metres and 20 metres are not that overall figure. This is the combination length rule in regulation 29 of the Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 2003.","source":{"instrument":"Road Traffic (Construction and Use of Vehicles) Regulations 2003 (S.I. No. 5 of 2003)","provision":"Regulation 29(1)","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2003/si/5/made/en/print","reviewed":"2026-09-15","licence":"oireachtas-cc-by-4.0"}}]}